https://wiki.highwaydivides.com/api.php?action=feedcontributions&feedformat=atom&user=SchoolcraftSignalHighwayWiki - User contributions [en]2026-04-12T04:55:59ZUser contributionsMediaWiki 1.31.16https://wiki.highwaydivides.com/index.php?title=Crouse-Hinds&diff=2605Crouse-Hinds2017-01-18T20:16:38Z<p>SchoolcraftSignal: </p>
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<div>[[File:Work_In_Progress.png]]<br />
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<font size="3">'''''This page is a work in progress!'''''</font> <br><br />
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=Crouse-Hinds Company=<br />
==History==<br />
===Current===<br />
===Past===<br />
=Products=<br />
==Incandescent Signals==<br />
===Type T===<br />
The Crouse Hinds type T signal was a solid body signal which used a porthole style of door. The door used four thumb screws to hold it in place and could be removed by loosening the thumb screws and turning the porthole counterclockwise. There are two different styles of thumb screws, the earlier style was thicker whereas the later one was thinner.<br />
There are two different styles of doors, stamped or embossed. The visors are cast aluminum or cast iron, cutaway visors are held on by two screws and the tunnel visors are held on by four screws. <br />
Reflectors are made of glass almost 1/4 of an inch thick and have silver mirroring. <br />
====Single Face====<br />
====Fixed-Face 4-way====<br />
===Type D===<br />
====Single Face====<br />
====Fixed-Face 4-way====<br />
===Type DT===<br />
====Single Face====<br />
<br />
The Type DT signal is recognizable due to the higher ridges on the latches, and the stamped metal reflector frames.<br />
<br />
There are 3 known variants of door on this light at this time: cast visor, detached visor (mounts with 4 screws), and a "raised letter door" that has "CROUSE HINDS CO. SYRACUSE NY USA" embossed around the lens area on the top of the frame. The raised letter door was manufactured between 1955 and 1958.<br />
<br />
[[File:Crouse Hinds DT Raised Letter Doors.jpeg|thumbnail]]<br />
<br />
====Fixed-Face 4-way====<br />
===Type H [version 1; ᴀᴋᴀ 12" type DT]===<br />
===Type M===<br />
====M-3 (8")====<br />
=====Single Face=====<br />
=====Fixed-Face 4-way=====<br />
====MP (9"x12")====<br />
=====MP-120 (Vehicle)=====<br />
=====MP-110 (Pedestrian)=====<br />
===Type H [version 2; ᴀᴋᴀ 12" type M]===<br />
====Vehicle====<br />
====Pedestrian====<br />
<br />
===Type K [12-8-8 combo signal]===<br />
====Generation 1; Type H v1 [12"] / Type DT [8"]====<br />
====Generation 2; Type H v1 [12"] / Type M-3 [8"]====<br />
====Generation 3; Type H v2 [12"] / Type M-3 [8"]====<br />
====Early Canadian Version====<br />
<br />
===Type R===<br />
====8" Vehicle====<br />
====12" Vehicle====<br />
====9" Pedestrian====<br />
====12" Pedestrian====<br />
<br />
[[File:Crouse-hinds Type R pedestrian signal backs.jpeg|thumb|The backs of a pair of Crouse-hinds Type R pedestrian signals.]]<br />
[[File:Worded Crouse-hinds Type R pedestrian signal front-Don't Walk.jpeg|thumb|Crouse-hinds Type R pedestrian signal displaying "Don't Walk"]]<br />
[[File:Worded Crouse-hinds Type R pedestrian signal front-Walk.jpeg|thumb|Crouse-hinds Type R pedestrian signal displaying "Walk"]]<br />
<br />
===Various Beacons===<br />
====RM-111====<br />
====LD-1====<br />
====WVW====<br />
==Neon Signals, Signs & Inserts==<br />
===TNA (traffic signal inserts)===<br />
====TNA-1====<br />
===TNO (signs & pedestrian signals)===<br />
====TNO-1====<br />
====TNO-2====<br />
====TNO-3====<br />
===TGO (signs & pedestrian signals)===<br />
====TGO-2====<br />
====TGO-3====<br />
====TGO-4====<br />
==Controllers==<br />
===Internal Controls===<br />
====...====<br />
===Boxes===<br />
====...====</div>SchoolcraftSignalhttps://wiki.highwaydivides.com/index.php?title=Main_Page&diff=2587Main Page2017-01-02T14:33:46Z<p>SchoolcraftSignal: /* Manufacturers of the U.S.A. */</p>
<hr />
<div>__NOTOC__<br />
=Welcome to the HighwayWiki=<br />
The HighwayWiki is designed to record and archive facts and pictures about each and every known traffic signal and accessory, including their respective companies, dates produced, and related brands and models. To contribute, you must be logged into an active Highway Divides account. If you have any questions or are unsure about any ideas, talk it over in the Wiki section on Highway Divides.<br />
<br />
This Wiki was only recently started up. <big><big><u>'''It is still largely a work in progress.'''</u></big></big> Here is a key for the pages listed below:<br />
{| class="wikitable"<br />
|-<br />
|<span style="color:#CC2200">RED</span><br />
|Non-existing page<br />
|-<br />
|<span style="color:#0645AD">BLUE</span><br />
|Page in progress<br />
|-<br />
|<span style="color:#0645AD">BLUE</span> [[File:Finished.png|link=]]<br />
|'''Mature page'''<br />
|}<br />
<br />
==Manufacturers of the U.S.A.==<br />
Listed here is every known brand or manufacturer of traffic signals and associated equipment that exist or existed within the U.S.<br />
<div style="column-count:4;-moz-column-count:4;-webkit-column-count:4"><br />
* [[3M]]<br />
* [[A1]]<br />
* [[Acme]]<br />
* [[American Crucible]]<br />
* [[American Gas Accumulator|American Gas Accumulator Co. (AGA)]]<br />
* [[American Traffic Signal Company|American Traffic Signal Co.]]<br />
* [[Amplex|Amplex Corp.]]<br />
* [[Aroway|Aroway Traffic Signals, Inc.]]<br />
* [[Associated Systems Incorporated|Associated Systems, Inc. (ASI)]]<br />
* [[Advanced Transportation Controller|Advanced Transportation Controller (ATC)]]<br />
* [[Attica|Attica Traffic Signal Co.]]<br />
* [[Automatic Signal Corporation|Automatic Signal Corp.]]<br />
* [[Automatic Signal Division|Automatic Signal [subsidiary] ]]<br />
* [[Autoscope]]<br />
* [[Barlo]]<br />
* [[Boyd Traffic Control Corporation|Boyd Traffic Control Corp.]]<br />
* [[Brown Traffic|Brown Traffic Products, Inc.]]<br />
* [[Chapel Hill|Chapel Hill (CH*)]]<br />
* [[Checker]]<br />
* [[Corning]]<br />
* [[Count-Down Traffic Control Incorporated|Count-Down Traffic Control, Inc.]]<br />
* [[Crouse-Hinds|Crouse-Hinds (CH*)]]<br />
* [[Darley]]<br />
* [[DeMco]]<br />
* [[Dialight]]<br />
* [[Dryomatic|Dryomatic Corp.]]<br />
* [[Duers|Duers Signal Co., Inc.]]<br />
* [[Duralight]]<br />
* [[Duro Test|Duro Test Corp.]]<br />
* [[Dynamic Traffic Systems]]<br />
* [[E-Manufacturing|E-Manufacturing (E-Man)]]<br />
* [[Eagle]]<br />
* [[Eastern Industries]]<br />
* [[Eberle Design Incorporated|Eberle Design, Inc. (EDI)]]<br />
* [[Ecolux]]<br />
* [[Econolite]]<br />
* [[Electro-Matic]]<br />
* [[Electro-Tech's]]<br />
* [[Elliott Equipment Corporation|Elliott Equipment Corp. (EEC)]]<br />
* [[ESSCO|ESSCO / Eagle Sign & Signal Company]]<br />
* [[Evernu]]<br />
* [[EW Bliss|E.W. Bliss Co.]]<br />
* [[Excellence Optoelectronics Incorporated|Excellence Opto., Inc. (EOI)]]<br />
* [[Federal Electric]]<br />
* [[Federal Signal]]<br />
* [[FH Lovell & Company|F.H. Lovell & Co.]]<br />
* [[Fiberoptic Fabrications|Fiberoptic Fabrications, Inc.]]<br />
* [[Fischer & Porter|Fischer & Porter Co.]]<br />
* [[Gammatronix]]<br />
* [[General City Service Company|General City Service Co.]]<br />
* [[General Electric|General Electric (GE)]]<br />
* [[General Traffic Equipment|General Traffic Equipment (GTE)]] [[File:Finished.png|link=]]<br />
* [[Griswold Safety Signal]]<br />
* [[Gulf and Western|Gulf and Western Industries, Inc.]]<br />
* [[Harrington-Seaberg]]<br />
* [[Harriss]]<br />
* [[Horni|Horni Signal Mfg. Corp.]]<br />
* [[Highway Signal & Sign]]<br />
* [[Indicator Controls Corporation|Indicator Controls Corp. (ICC)]]<br />
* [[Intelight]] [[File:Finished.png|link=]]<br />
* [[Interflash|Interflash Signal Co.]]<br />
* [[Intersection Development Corporation|Intersection Development Corp. (IDC)]]<br />
* [[Kentron]]<br />
* [[Killark]]<br />
* [[Klug & Smith|Klug & Smith Co.]]<br />
* [[Kopp]]<br />
* [[Krossgard]]<br />
* [[Laboratory For Electronics|Laboratory For Electronics (LFE)]]<br />
* [[Leotek]]<br />
* [[Link Group]]<br />
* [[Lovellite]]<br />
* [[MacBeth-Evans]]<br />
* [[Marbelite]]<br />
* [[Mark IV]]<br />
* [[Marlin Controls Incorporated|Marlin Controls, Inc.]]<br />
* [[The Master Equipment Corp.]]<br />
* [[McCain|McCain, Inc.]]<br />
* [[McNaughton|McNaughton, Inc.]]<br />
* [[Midwest Signal Incorporated|Midwest Signal, Inc.]]<br />
* [[Miller Train Corporation|Miller Train Corp.]]<br />
* [[Milwaukee]]<br />
* [[MoboTrex]]<br />
* [[MoboTrex Manufacturing]]<br />
* [[Mono Lenz]]<br />
* [[MS Sedco|M.S. Sedco]]<br />
* [[Multisonics]]<br />
* [[Mushroom Traffic Control Equipment]]<br />
* [[Native American Industries|Native American Industries, Inc. (NAI)]]<br />
* [[National Sign & Signal|National Sign & Signal (NSS)]]<br />
* [[National Traffic Signal Company|National Traffic Signal Co. [of Minnesota] ]]<br />
* [[National Traffic Signal Corporation|National Traffic Signal Corp. [of Chicago] ]]<br />
* [[Naztec]]<br />
* [[Neo-Flasher Barricade Company|Neo-Flasher Barricade Co.]]<br />
* [[Niles Company|Niles Co.]]<br />
* [[Nova Tech]]<br />
* [[Novax|Novax Industries Co.]]<br />
* [[Optisoft]] [[File:Finished.png|link=]]<br />
* [[Parcoa]]<br />
* [[PEEK]]<br />
* [[Pelco]]<br />
* [[Peterco]]<br />
* [[Peters Aux Signal]]<br />
* [[Polara]]<br />
* [[Porta-Signal]]<br />
* [[Portable Traffic Signals Incorporated|Portable Traffic Signals, Inc. [of Los Angeles] ]]<br />
* [[Prospect Fire Engine Company|The Prospect Fire Engine Co.]]<br />
* [[Quixote|Quixote Corp.]]<br />
* [[Reynolds Electric Company|Reynolds Electric Co.]]<br />
* [[Reynolds Electric Flasher Manufacturing|Reynolds Electric Flasher Manufacturing Co.]]<br />
* [[ROSSICO|ROSSICO / Rochester Street Signal Co.]]<br />
* [[Ruleta]]<br />
* [[Safetran]]<br />
* [[Safety Traffic Light Manufacturing|Safety Traffic Light Mfg. Co.]]<br />
* [[Safeway]]<br />
* [[Sargent-Sowell|Sargent-Sowell (SS)]]<br />
* [[Shane Automatic Signal Manufacturing|Shane Automatic Signal Mfg. Co.]]<br />
* [[Siemens]]<br />
* [[Signal Automatic Company|Signal Automatic Co., Inc.]]<br />
* [[Signal Computer Corporation|Signal Computer Corp. (SCC)]]<br />
* [[Signal Group|Signal Group, Inc.]]<br />
* [[Signal Service Corporation|Signal Service Corp. (SSC)]]<br />
* [[Signaphore]]<br />
* [[Singer]]<br />
* [[Smith Signal]]<br />
* [[Southern Autoflow]]<br />
* [[Southern Signals]]<br />
* [[Southern Switch & Signal Company|Southern Switch & Signal Co. (SSS)]]<br />
* [[Trafcon|Trafcon (T-Con)]]<br />
* [[Traffic Parts Incorporated|Traffic Parts, Inc.]]<br />
* [[Traffic Technology Incorporated|Traffic Technology, Inc. (TTI)]]<br />
* [[Teeco|Teeco Safety, Inc.]]<br />
* [[Thomas Smith]]<br />
* [[Tokheim]]<br />
* [[Traconex]]<br />
* [[Traffic and Transportation Supply (TTS)]]<br />
* [[Traffic Control Technologies|Traffic Control Technologies (TCT)]]<br />
* [[Traffic Signals Incorporated|Traffic Signals, Inc. (TSI)]]<br />
* [[Traffic Signal Corporation]]<br />
* [[Trafficware Incorporated|Trafficware, Inc.]]<br />
* [[TraStar]]<br />
* [[Tru-Fit Screw]]<br />
* [[Unilight (1940)|Unilight [of Scottsdale, AZ] ]]<br />
* [[Unilight (1990)|Unilight [of Shreveport, LA] ]]<br />
* [[Union Metal]]<br />
* [[US Traffic|U.S. Traffic]]<br />
* [[Valtec]]<br />
* [[Victory Methods|Victory Methods, Inc.]]<br />
* [[Walker Brothers]]<br />
* [[Walkolite]]<br />
* [[Welsbach Traffic Signal Company|Welsbach Traffic Signal Co.]]<br />
* [[Whelen]]<br />
* [[Wilcox Sales]]<br />
* [[Wiley]]<br />
* [[Winko-Matic|Winko-Matic (WM)]]<br />
* [[Darley|W.S. Darley]]<br />
</div><br />
<br><br />
<br />
==Manufacturers International==<br />
'''''THIS LIST IS INCOMPLETE.''' This only includes a fraction of all international signal manufacturers, as many are not known to us.''<br />
<div style="column-count:4;-moz-column-count:4;-webkit-column-count:4"><br />
* [[American Gas Accumulator (Europe)|American Gas Accumulator (AGA*) [of Europe] ]]<br />
* [[(ALCATEL)|? (ALCATEL) [of ?] ]] <!--Needs location and full name--><br />
* [[Anafe|Anafe [of Peru] ]]<br />
* [[Automatic Telephone and Electric Company|Automatic Telephone and Electric Co. Ltd. (ATM) [of the U.K.] ]]<br />
* [[Automatic Telephone Manufacturing Company|Automatic Telephone Manufacturing Co. (ATM) [of the U.K.] ]]<br />
* [[BBM Company|BBM Technology Co. Ltd. (BBM) [of China] ]]<br />
* [[Bob Panich|Bon Panich [of Australia] ]]<br />
* [[(CGE)|? (CGE*) [of Italy] ]] <!--Needs full name--><br />
* [[Eagle (Australia)|Eagle [of Australia] ]]<br />
* [[Econolite (Canada)|Econolite [of Canada] ]]<br />
* [[Fiskars|Fiskars [of Finland] ]]<br />
* [[Fortran|Fortran [of Canada] ]]<br />
* [[Garbarini|Garbani [of ?] ]] <!--Needs location--><br />
* [[General Electric (Canada)|General Electric (CGE*) [of Canada] ]]<br />
* [[Groenpol|Groenpol [of ?] ]] <!--Needs location--><br />
* [[Hangzhou Yunzheng Company|Hangzhou Yunzheng Technology Co. Ltd. [of China] ]]<br />
* [[(INCES)|? (INCES) [of ?] ]] <!--Needs location and full name--><br />
* [[Kutuo Company|Kutuo Technology Co. Ltd. [of China] ]]<br />
* [[La Semaforica|La Semaforica [of Italy] ]]<br />
* [[Lanterna Elios|Lanterna Elios [of Italy] ]]<br />
* [[LP|? (LP) [of Peru] ]] <!--Needs full name--><br />
* [[M|? (M) [of Peru] ]] <!--Needs full name--><br />
* [[Marshalite|Marshalite [of Australia] ]]<br />
* [[Naztec (International)|Naztec [International] ]]<br />
* [[Noel P Hunt & Coy|Noel P. Hunt & Coy Ltd. [of Australia] ]]<br />
* [[Novax|Novax [of Canada] ]]<br />
* [[Northern Electric|Northern Electric [of Canada] ]]<br />
* [[PEEK (Europe)|PEEK [of Europe] ]]<br />
* [[Plessey|Plessey [of the U.K.] ]]<br />
* [[(PT)|? (PT) [of Peru] ]] <!--Needs full name--><br />
* [[Semafori Controlli Automazione Elettronica|Semafori Controlli Automazione Elettronica (SCAE) [of Italy] ]]<br />
* [[SEA Signalisation|SEA Signalisation [of France] ]]<br />
* [[Self Sime|Self Sime [of Italy]]]<br />
* [[Noble Opto Company|Noble Opto. Co. Ltd. [of China] ]]<br />
* [[Siemens & General Electric Railway Signal Company|Siemens & General Electric Railway Signal Co. (SGE) [of Europe] ]]<br />
* [[Siemens (Europe)|Siemens [of Europe] ]]<br />
* [[Signalbau Huber|Signalbau Huber (SH) [of Germany] ]]<br />
* [[SILEC SAGEM|? (SILEC SAGEM) [of ?] ]] <!--Needs location and full name--><br />
* [[Swarco|Swarco [International] ]]<br />
* [[Wuxi Anbang Company|Wuxi Anbang Electric Co. Ltd. [of China] ]]<br />
* [[1|? [of Italy] ]] <!--Needs full name--><br />
* [[2|? [of Italy] ]] <!--Needs full name--><br />
* [[3|? [of Italy] ]] <!--Needs full name--><br />
* [[4|? [of Italy] ]] <!--Needs full name--><br />
* [[5|? [of Mexico] ]] <!--Needs full name--><br />
* [[6|? [of Mexico] ]] <!--Needs full name--><br />
</div><br />
<br><br />
<br><br />
''* There are multiple manufacturers that share this common abbreviation.''<br />
<br><br />
<br><br />
<br />
==Administrations==<br />
<div style="column-count:3;-moz-column-count:3;-webkit-column-count:3"><br />
* [[Federal Highway Administration|Federal Highway Administration (FHWA)]]<br />
* [[International Municipal Signal Association|International Municipal Signal Association (IMSA)]]<br />
* [[Institute of Transportation Engineers|Institute of Transportation Engineers (ITE)]]<br />
* [[Manual on Uniform Traffic Control Devices|Manual on Uniform Traffic Control Devices (MUTCD)]]<br />
* [[National Electrical Manufacturers Association|National Electrical Manufacturers Association (NEMA)]]<br />
</div><br />
<br />
==Municipalities with Notable History==<br />
<div style="column-count:3;-moz-column-count:3;-webkit-column-count:3"><br />
* [[Michigan Intersections]]<br />
* [[New York City Intersections]]<br />
* [[New York City - 5th Ave. Traffic Towers]]<br />
* [[New Jersey - Newark Traffic Tower]]<br />
* [[Pennsylvania Intersections]]<br />
</div><br />
<br />
==Assorted Specific Topic Pages==<br />
<div style="column-count:3;-moz-column-count:3;-webkit-column-count:3"><br />
* [[Accessible Pedestrian Signals|Accessible Pedestrian Signal Evolution]]<br />
* [[LEDs|LED Signal Evolution]]<br />
* [[Signal Mounting Styles]]<br />
* [[Vehicle Detection Methods]]<br />
* [[NEMA Traffic Controller Basics]]<br />
* [[Signal Joining Rings]] [[File:Finished.png|link=]]<br />
</div><br />
* [[Glossary|''Glossary of Terms'']]<br />
<br><br />
<br />
==So You Bought Yourself a Traffic Light==<br />
Tips and tricks for repair, restoration, and display of a traffic light are covered. For more comprehensive coverage, visit * [http://highwaydivides.com/forum.php '''Highway Divides - The Forum'''] <!--[[File:Link.png|link=]]--><br />
<br />
<div style="column-count:4;-moz-column-count:4;-webkit-column-count:4"><br />
* [[Restoration Services]]<br />
* [[Restoration of a Light ]]<br />
* [[Sequencers (Make the lights cycle)]]<br />
* [[Displaying a Light]]<br />
</div><br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
==Links==<br />
<!--I don't think all of this is really necessary?--><br />
<!--<br />
'''DISCUSSION GROUPS'''<br />
<br><br><br />
CURRENT FORUM:<br />
<div style="column-count:1;-moz-column-count:1;-webkit-column-count:1"><br />
--><br />
* [http://highwaydivides.com/forum.php '''Highway Divides - The Forum for Traffic Signal Collectors & More <!--(NOTE: This is the current forum)-->'''] <!--[[File:Link.png|link=]]--><br />
<!--<br><br />
PAST FORUMS:<br />
* ''SignalTraffic Forum'' (NOTE: This forum is defunct and the owner locked/deleted all content.)<br />
* ''Traffic Signals MSN Group'' (NOTE: This forum is defunct.) <--Link is needed--<br />
* [http://groups.yahoo.com/neo/groups/signalfansclub ''SignalFan Traffic Light Collectors Yahoo! Group'' (NOTE: This forum is not defunct, but it is no longer active.)]<br />
<br><br />
OTHER GROUPS:<br />
* [http://www.facebook.com/groups/437477716402979/651539718330110/ Traffic Signal & Sign Collectors Facebook Group #1 (NOTE: This group is active.)]<br />
* Facebook Group #2 (NOTE: This group is active.) <--Link is needed--<br />
</div><br />
--><br />
<br />
<br><br><br />
-----<br />
-----<br />
<br><br />
<br />
==Site Tools==<br />
<div style="column-count:4;-moz-column-count:4;-webkit-column-count:4"><br />
* [[New Template for Signal Pages|Template for Signal Pages (NEW)]] <!--[[File:Tool.png|link=]]--><br />
* [[Template for Signal Pages|Template for Signal Pages (Old)]] <!--[[File:Tool.png|link=]]--><br />
* [[Template for Lens Catalog Pages]] <!--[[File:Tool.png|link=]]--><br />
* [[Sandbox for Code Testing]]<br />
</div><br />
<br><br><br />
<br />
-----<br />
-----</div>SchoolcraftSignalhttps://wiki.highwaydivides.com/index.php?title=Main_Page&diff=2584Main Page2016-12-27T22:09:31Z<p>SchoolcraftSignal: /* Manufacturers of the U.S.A. */</p>
<hr />
<div>__NOTOC__<br />
=Welcome to the HighwayWiki=<br />
The HighwayWiki is designed to record and archive facts and pictures about each and every known traffic signal and accessory, including their respective companies, dates produced, and related brands and models. To contribute, you must be logged into an active Highway Divides account. If you have any questions or are unsure about any ideas, talk it over in the Wiki section on Highway Divides.<br />
<br />
This Wiki was only recently started up. <big><big><u>'''It is still largely a work in progress.'''</u></big></big> Here is a key for the pages listed below:<br />
{| class="wikitable"<br />
|-<br />
|<span style="color:#CC2200">RED</span><br />
|Non-existing page<br />
|-<br />
|<span style="color:#0645AD">BLUE</span><br />
|Page in progress<br />
|-<br />
|<span style="color:#0645AD">BLUE</span> [[File:Finished.png|link=]]<br />
|'''Mature page'''<br />
|}<br />
<br />
==Manufacturers of the U.S.A.==<br />
Listed here is every known brand or manufacturer of traffic signals and associated equipment that exist or existed within the U.S.<br />
<div style="column-count:4;-moz-column-count:4;-webkit-column-count:4"><br />
* [[3M]]<br />
* [[A1]]<br />
* [[Acme]]<br />
* [[American Crucible]]<br />
* [[American Gas Accumulator|American Gas Accumulator Co. (AGA)]]<br />
* [[American Traffic Signal Company|American Traffic Signal Co.]]<br />
* [[Amplex|Amplex Corp.]]<br />
* [[Aroway|Aroway Traffic Signals, Inc.]]<br />
* [[Associated Systems Incorporated|Associated Systems, Inc. (ASI)]]<br />
* [[Advanced Transportation Controller|Advanced Transportation Controller (ATC)]]<br />
* [[Attica|Attica Traffic Signal Co.]]<br />
* [[Automatic Signal Corporation|Automatic Signal Corp.]]<br />
* [[Automatic Signal Division|Automatic Signal [subsidiary] ]]<br />
* [[Autoscope]]<br />
* [[Barlo]]<br />
* [[Boyd Traffic Control Corporation|Boyd Traffic Control Corp.]]<br />
* [[Brown Traffic|Brown Traffic Products, Inc.]]<br />
* [[Chapel Hill|Chapel Hill (CH*)]]<br />
* [[Checker]]<br />
* [[Corning]]<br />
* [[Count-Down Traffic Control Incorporated|Count-Down Traffic Control, Inc.]]<br />
* [[Crouse-Hinds|Crouse-Hinds (CH*)]]<br />
* [[Darley]]<br />
* [[DeMco]]<br />
* [[Dialight]]<br />
* [[Dryomatic|Dryomatic Corp.]]<br />
* [[Duers|Duers Signal Co., Inc.]]<br />
* [[Duralight]]<br />
* [[Duro Test|Duro Test Corp.]]<br />
* [[Dynamic Traffic Systems]]<br />
* [[E-Manufacturing|E-Manufacturing (E-Man)]]<br />
* [[Eagle]]<br />
* [[Eastern Industries]]<br />
* [[Eberle Design Incorporated|Eberle Design, Inc. (EDI)]]<br />
* [[Ecolux]]<br />
* [[Econolite]]<br />
* [[Electro-Matic]]<br />
* [[Electro-Tech's]]<br />
* [[Elliott Equipment Corporation|Elliott Equipment Corp. (EEC)]]<br />
* [[ESSCO|ESSCO / Eagle Sign & Signal Company]]<br />
* [[Evernu]]<br />
* [[EW Bliss|E.W. Bliss Co.]]<br />
* [[Excellence Optoelectronics Incorporated|Excellence Opto., Inc. (EOI)]]<br />
* [[Federal Electric]]<br />
* [[Federal Signal]]<br />
* [[FH Lovell & Company|F.H. Lovell & Co.]]<br />
* [[Fiberoptic Fabrications|Fiberoptic Fabrications, Inc.]]<br />
* [[Fischer & Porter|Fischer & Porter Co.]]<br />
* [[Gammatronix]]<br />
* [[General City Service Company|General City Service Co.]]<br />
* [[General Electric|General Electric (GE)]]<br />
* [[General Traffic Equipment|General Traffic Equipment (GTE)]] [[File:Finished.png|link=]]<br />
* [[Griswold Safety Signal]]<br />
* [[Gulf and Western|Gulf and Western Industries, Inc.]]<br />
* [[Harrington-Seaberg]]<br />
* [[Harriss]]<br />
* [[Horni|Horni Signal Mfg. Corp.]]<br />
* [[Highway Signal & Sign]]<br />
* [[Indicator Controls Corporation|Indicator Controls Corp. (ICC)]]<br />
* [[Intelight]] [[File:Finished.png|link=]]<br />
* [[Interflash|Interflash Signal Co.]]<br />
* [[Intersection Development Corporation|Intersection Development Corp. (IDC)]]<br />
* [[Kentron]]<br />
* [[Killark]]<br />
* [[Klug & Smith|Klug & Smith Co.]]<br />
* [[Kopp]]<br />
* [[Krossgard]]<br />
* [[Laboratory For Electronics|Laboratory For Electronics (LFE)]]<br />
* [[Leotek]]<br />
* [[Link Group]]<br />
* [[Lovellite]]<br />
* [[MacBeth-Evans]]<br />
* [[Marbelite]]<br />
* [[Mark IV]]<br />
* [[Marlin Controls Incorporated|Marlin Controls, Inc.]]<br />
* [[The Master Equipment Corp.]]<br />
* [[McCain|McCain, Inc.]]<br />
* [[McNaughton|McNaughton, Inc.]]<br />
* [[Midwest Signal Incorporated|Midwest Signal, Inc.]]<br />
* [[Miller Train Corporation|Miller Train Corp.]]<br />
* [[Milwaukee]]<br />
* [[MoboTrex]]<br />
* [[MoboTrex Manufacturing]]<br />
* [[Mono Lenz]]<br />
* [[MS Sedco|M.S. Sedco]]<br />
* [[Multisonics]]<br />
* [[Mushroom Traffic Control Equipment]]<br />
* [[Native American Industries|Native American Industries, Inc. (NAI)]]<br />
* [[National Sign & Signal|National Sign & Signal (NSS)]]<br />
* [[National Traffic Signal Company|National Traffic Signal Co. [of Minnesota] ]]<br />
* [[National Traffic Signal Corporation|National Traffic Signal Corp. [of Chicago] ]]<br />
* [[Naztec]]<br />
* [[Neo-Flasher Barricade Company|Neo-Flasher Barricade Co.]]<br />
* [[Niles Company|Niles Co.]]<br />
* [[Nova Tech]]<br />
* [[Novax|Novax Industries Co.]]<br />
* [[Optisoft]] [[File:Finished.png|link=]]<br />
* [[Parcoa]]<br />
* [[PEEK]]<br />
* [[Pelco]]<br />
* [[Peterco]]<br />
* [[Peters Aux Signal]]<br />
* [[Polara]]<br />
* [[Porta-Signal]]<br />
* [[Portable Traffic Signals Incorporated|Portable Traffic Signals, Inc. [of Los Angeles] ]]<br />
* [[Prospect Fire Engine Company|The Prospect Fire Engine Co.]]<br />
* [[Quixote|Quixote Corp.]]<br />
* [[Reynolds Electric Company|Reynolds Electric Co.]]<br />
* [[Reynolds Electric Flasher Manufacturing|Reynolds Electric Flasher Manufacturing Co.]]<br />
* [[ROSSICO|ROSSICO / Rochester Street Signal Co.]]<br />
* [[Ruleta]]<br />
* [[Safetran]]<br />
* [[Safety Traffic Light Manufacturing|Safety Traffic Light Mfg. Co.]]<br />
* [[Safeway]]<br />
* [[Sargent-Sowell|Sargent-Sowell (SS)]]<br />
* [[Shane Automatic Signal Manufacturing|Shane Automatic Signal Mfg. Co.]]<br />
* [[Siemens]]<br />
* [[Signal Automatic Company|Signal Automatic Co., Inc.]]<br />
* [[Signal Computer Corporation|Signal Computer Corp. (SCC)]]<br />
* [[Signal Group|Signal Group, Inc.]]<br />
* [[Signal Service Corporation|Signal Service Corp. (SSC)]]<br />
* [[Signaphore]]<br />
* [[Singer]]<br />
* [[Smith Signal]]<br />
* [[Southern Autoflow]]<br />
* [[Southern Signals]]<br />
* [[Southern Switch & Signal Company|Southern Switch & Signal Co. (SSS)]]<br />
* [[Trafcon|Trafcon (T-Con)]]<br />
* [[Traffic Parts Incorporated|Traffic Parts, Inc.]]<br />
* [[Traffic Technology Incorporated|Traffic Technology, Inc. (TTI)]]<br />
* [[Teeco|Teeco Safety, Inc.]]<br />
* [[Thomas Smith]]<br />
* [[Tokheim]]<br />
* [[Traconex]]<br />
* [[Traffic and Transportation Supply (TTS)]]<br />
* [[Traffic Control Technologies|Traffic Control Technologies (TCT)]]<br />
* [[Traffic Signals Incorporated|Traffic Signals, Inc. (TSI)]]<br />
* [[Traffic Signal Corporation]]<br />
* [[Trafficware Incorporated|Trafficware, Inc.]]<br />
* [[TraStar]]<br />
* [[Tru-Fit Screw]]<br />
* [[Unilight (1940)|Unilight [of Scottsdale, AZ] ]]<br />
* [[Unilight (1990)|Unilight [of Shreveport, LA] ]]<br />
* [[Union Metal]]<br />
* [[US Traffic|U.S. Traffic]]<br />
* [[Valtec]]<br />
* [[Victory Methods|Victory Methods, Inc.]]<br />
* [[Walker Brothers]]<br />
* [[Walkolite]]<br />
* [[Welsbach Traffic Signal Company|Welsbach Traffic Signal Co.]]<br />
* [[Wilcox Sales]]<br />
* [[Wiley]]<br />
* [[Winko-Matic|Winko-Matic (WM)]]<br />
* [[Darley|W.S. Darley]]<br />
</div><br />
<br><br />
<br />
==Manufacturers International==<br />
'''''THIS LIST IS INCOMPLETE.''' This only includes a fraction of all international signal manufacturers, as many are not known to us.''<br />
<div style="column-count:4;-moz-column-count:4;-webkit-column-count:4"><br />
* [[American Gas Accumulator (Europe)|American Gas Accumulator (AGA*) [of Europe] ]]<br />
* [[(ALCATEL)|? (ALCATEL) [of ?] ]] <!--Needs location and full name--><br />
* [[Anafe|Anafe [of Peru] ]]<br />
* [[Automatic Telephone and Electric Company|Automatic Telephone and Electric Co. Ltd. (ATM) [of the U.K.] ]]<br />
* [[Automatic Telephone Manufacturing Company|Automatic Telephone Manufacturing Co. (ATM) [of the U.K.] ]]<br />
* [[BBM Company|BBM Technology Co. Ltd. (BBM) [of China] ]]<br />
* [[Bob Panich|Bon Panich [of Australia] ]]<br />
* [[(CGE)|? (CGE*) [of Italy] ]] <!--Needs full name--><br />
* [[Eagle (Australia)|Eagle [of Australia] ]]<br />
* [[Econolite (Canada)|Econolite [of Canada] ]]<br />
* [[Fiskars|Fiskars [of Finland] ]]<br />
* [[Fortran|Fortran [of Canada] ]]<br />
* [[Garbarini|Garbani [of ?] ]] <!--Needs location--><br />
* [[General Electric (Canada)|General Electric (CGE*) [of Canada] ]]<br />
* [[Groenpol|Groenpol [of ?] ]] <!--Needs location--><br />
* [[Hangzhou Yunzheng Company|Hangzhou Yunzheng Technology Co. Ltd. [of China] ]]<br />
* [[(INCES)|? (INCES) [of ?] ]] <!--Needs location and full name--><br />
* [[Kutuo Company|Kutuo Technology Co. Ltd. [of China] ]]<br />
* [[La Semaforica|La Semaforica [of Italy] ]]<br />
* [[Lanterna Elios|Lanterna Elios [of Italy] ]]<br />
* [[LP|? (LP) [of Peru] ]] <!--Needs full name--><br />
* [[M|? (M) [of Peru] ]] <!--Needs full name--><br />
* [[Marshalite|Marshalite [of Australia] ]]<br />
* [[Naztec (International)|Naztec [International] ]]<br />
* [[Noel P Hunt & Coy|Noel P. Hunt & Coy Ltd. [of Australia] ]]<br />
* [[Novax|Novax [of Canada] ]]<br />
* [[Northern Electric|Northern Electric [of Canada] ]]<br />
* [[PEEK (Europe)|PEEK [of Europe] ]]<br />
* [[Plessey|Plessey [of the U.K.] ]]<br />
* [[(PT)|? (PT) [of Peru] ]] <!--Needs full name--><br />
* [[Semafori Controlli Automazione Elettronica|Semafori Controlli Automazione Elettronica (SCAE) [of Italy] ]]<br />
* [[SEA Signalisation|SEA Signalisation [of France] ]]<br />
* [[Self Sime|Self Sime [of Italy]]]<br />
* [[Noble Opto Company|Noble Opto. Co. Ltd. [of China] ]]<br />
* [[Siemens & General Electric Railway Signal Company|Siemens & General Electric Railway Signal Co. (SGE) [of Europe] ]]<br />
* [[Siemens (Europe)|Siemens [of Europe] ]]<br />
* [[Signalbau Huber|Signalbau Huber (SH) [of Germany] ]]<br />
* [[SILEC SAGEM|? (SILEC SAGEM) [of ?] ]] <!--Needs location and full name--><br />
* [[Swarco|Swarco [International] ]]<br />
* [[Wuxi Anbang Company|Wuxi Anbang Electric Co. Ltd. [of China] ]]<br />
* [[1|? [of Italy] ]] <!--Needs full name--><br />
* [[2|? [of Italy] ]] <!--Needs full name--><br />
* [[3|? [of Italy] ]] <!--Needs full name--><br />
* [[4|? [of Italy] ]] <!--Needs full name--><br />
* [[5|? [of Mexico] ]] <!--Needs full name--><br />
* [[6|? [of Mexico] ]] <!--Needs full name--><br />
</div><br />
<br><br />
<br><br />
''* There are multiple manufacturers that share this common abbreviation.''<br />
<br><br />
<br><br />
<br />
==Administrations==<br />
<div style="column-count:3;-moz-column-count:3;-webkit-column-count:3"><br />
* [[Federal Highway Administration|Federal Highway Administration (FHWA)]]<br />
* [[International Municipal Signal Association|International Municipal Signal Association (IMSA)]]<br />
* [[Institute of Transportation Engineers|Institute of Transportation Engineers (ITE)]]<br />
* [[Manual on Uniform Traffic Control Devices|Manual on Uniform Traffic Control Devices (MUTCD)]]<br />
* [[National Electrical Manufacturers Association|National Electrical Manufacturers Association (NEMA)]]<br />
</div><br />
<br />
==Municipalities with Notable History==<br />
<div style="column-count:3;-moz-column-count:3;-webkit-column-count:3"><br />
* [[Michigan Intersections]]<br />
* [[New York City Intersections]]<br />
* [[New York City - 5th Ave. Traffic Towers]]<br />
* [[New Jersey - Newark Traffic Tower]]<br />
* [[Pennsylvania Intersections]]<br />
</div><br />
<br />
==Assorted Specific Topic Pages==<br />
<div style="column-count:3;-moz-column-count:3;-webkit-column-count:3"><br />
* [[Accessible Pedestrian Signals|Accessible Pedestrian Signal Evolution]]<br />
* [[LEDs|LED Signal Evolution]]<br />
* [[Signal Mounting Styles]]<br />
* [[Vehicle Detection Methods]]<br />
* [[NEMA Traffic Controller Basics]]<br />
* [[Signal Joining Rings]] [[File:Finished.png|link=]]<br />
</div><br />
* [[Glossary|''Glossary of Terms'']]<br />
<br><br />
<br />
==So You Bought Yourself a Traffic Light==<br />
Tips and tricks for repair, restoration, and display of a traffic light are covered. For more comprehensive coverage, visit * [http://highwaydivides.com/forum.php '''Highway Divides - The Forum'''] <!--[[File:Link.png|link=]]--><br />
<br />
<div style="column-count:4;-moz-column-count:4;-webkit-column-count:4"><br />
* [[Restoration Services]]<br />
* [[Restoration of a Light ]]<br />
* [[Sequencers (Make the lights cycle)]]<br />
* [[Displaying a Light]]<br />
</div><br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
==Links==<br />
<!--I don't think all of this is really necessary?--><br />
<!--<br />
'''DISCUSSION GROUPS'''<br />
<br><br><br />
CURRENT FORUM:<br />
<div style="column-count:1;-moz-column-count:1;-webkit-column-count:1"><br />
--><br />
* [http://highwaydivides.com/forum.php '''Highway Divides - The Forum for Traffic Signal Collectors & More <!--(NOTE: This is the current forum)-->'''] <!--[[File:Link.png|link=]]--><br />
<!--<br><br />
PAST FORUMS:<br />
* ''SignalTraffic Forum'' (NOTE: This forum is defunct and the owner locked/deleted all content.)<br />
* ''Traffic Signals MSN Group'' (NOTE: This forum is defunct.) <--Link is needed--<br />
* [http://groups.yahoo.com/neo/groups/signalfansclub ''SignalFan Traffic Light Collectors Yahoo! Group'' (NOTE: This forum is not defunct, but it is no longer active.)]<br />
<br><br />
OTHER GROUPS:<br />
* [http://www.facebook.com/groups/437477716402979/651539718330110/ Traffic Signal & Sign Collectors Facebook Group #1 (NOTE: This group is active.)]<br />
* Facebook Group #2 (NOTE: This group is active.) <--Link is needed--<br />
</div><br />
--><br />
<br />
<br><br><br />
-----<br />
-----<br />
<br><br />
<br />
==Site Tools==<br />
<div style="column-count:4;-moz-column-count:4;-webkit-column-count:4"><br />
* [[New Template for Signal Pages|Template for Signal Pages (NEW)]] <!--[[File:Tool.png|link=]]--><br />
* [[Template for Signal Pages|Template for Signal Pages (Old)]] <!--[[File:Tool.png|link=]]--><br />
* [[Template for Lens Catalog Pages]] <!--[[File:Tool.png|link=]]--><br />
* [[Sandbox for Code Testing]]<br />
</div><br />
<br><br><br />
<br />
-----<br />
-----</div>SchoolcraftSignalhttps://wiki.highwaydivides.com/index.php?title=Acme&diff=2395Acme2016-05-29T19:56:16Z<p>SchoolcraftSignal: Created page with "==History== In 1917 Frank J. Husbands of Los Angeles received a patent (No. 1,236,441) for what would later be known as the Acme Traffic Signal. The city of Los Angles experim..."</p>
<hr />
<div>==History==<br />
In 1917 Frank J. Husbands of Los Angeles received a patent (No. 1,236,441) for what would later be known as the Acme Traffic Signal. The city of Los Angles experimented with these signals first by installing the at five locations along Broadway between 3rd and 7th Streets. These signals turned out to be a success and by 1923 31 Acmes, all interconnected, were installed in the central business district. These were the most advanced signals in the world at the time. Acmes greatness did not last forever though, in 1920 William Potts Invented and installed the first three color four way traffic signal in Detroit, Michigan. Cities soon started adopting these automatic signals because they did not use any mechanical parts so they would not jam and they operated noiselessly which worked better for places beyond the central business district. Soon [[Eagle|Ornamental Eagleluxes]] replaced the Acmes along Wilshire Boulevard in September 1931. The last one was removed in December 1956. The Acme still lived on as props in movies and some are still owned by collectors today.<br />
==The Signal==<br />
===Outer Appearance===</div>SchoolcraftSignalhttps://wiki.highwaydivides.com/index.php?title=File:KoppCircularWaitLens_Obverse_Full.JPG&diff=2394File:KoppCircularWaitLens Obverse Full.JPG2016-05-28T19:55:26Z<p>SchoolcraftSignal: Front view of a Kopp 8 3/8 inch round Wait lens</p>
<hr />
<div>Front view of a Kopp 8 3/8 inch round Wait lens</div>SchoolcraftSignalhttps://wiki.highwaydivides.com/index.php?title=Eagle&diff=2393Eagle2016-05-28T19:47:39Z<p>SchoolcraftSignal: /* Worded */</p>
<hr />
<div>'''Note: This section currently only covers the scope of Eagle Traffic Signals from the first documented signal in 1931 to their modern day evolution into the Siemens ITS conglomerate.'''<br />
<br />
Go Here For [[Essco]], AKA the Eagle Signal and Sign Company.<br />
<br />
Go Here For [[Harrington-Seaberg]].<br />
<br />
== History ==<br />
<br />
[[Image:AMCI-Eagle Logo-LC.jpg]]<br />
<br />
=== Founding years ===<br />
The Eagle Signal and Sign Company appears to have been founded in 1931 coming in right after the first wave of signals and manufacturers in the mid 20's. It's early operation history is still under debate and may have involved contract production for, by or merely distribution partnerships with Harrington-Seaberg and ESSCO.<br />
<br />
=== Middle Ages ===<br />
As Eagle moved through the 1930's and into the 1940's they kept with a narrow product lineup but continued to tweak and upgrade the designs. They remained a market leader competing with Crouse-Hinds, and to a lesser amount Marbelite, for control of midwest America as early competitors like GE and Horni faded away while new companies such as Econolite and A1 signal came onto the scene. Having plugged away for over 25 years with the same basic design, the first generation of flat back models wee introduced in the mid 50's with fully modern adjustable signals quickly followed by 12" signals as Eagle entered the 1960's <br />
<br />
<br />
=== Modern Age ===<br />
As Eagle entered into the modern age of signals they underwent many corporate changes. Moving from their traditional headquarters in Moline, Illinois to a new base of operations in Davenport, Iowa and an acquisition by Gulf & Western started a long period of corporate activity. 1987 Mark IV Industries acquires Eagle Signal (DBA Harrington Seaberg?) and in 1988 consolidates the Mark IV, Automatic Signal, and Eagle brands into Automatic Signal/Eagle Signal. Mark IV moved the company to its current headquarters in Austin, Texas. Name later changed to Eagle Traffic Control Systems. Timer motor division sold in 1992? January 9, 1997 Mark IV Industries, Inc. sold its Automatic Signal/Eagle Signal subsidiary to Siemens Energy & Automation, Inc. The Eagle name was dropped following aquisition to be now known as Siemens ITS.<br />
<br />
In November 2013, Siemens split the product line in two and sold the traffic signal and cabinet manufacturing to Brown Traffic Products of Davenport, Iowa. Siemens ITS retained the controller software and hardware lines, as well as the regional software products. Brown Traffic operates the former Siemens Austin TX facility, and has brought back the original Eagle brand name.<br />
<br />
=== International Operations ===<br />
Some vintage Eagle equipment has been seen, in slightly modified versions of the American designs, in both Australia and Europe.<br />
<br />
=== Part Numbering Systems ===<br />
<br />
The part numbering system for Eagle Signals, especially in the early days, is quite confusing. The general patterns are as follows: <br />
<br />
==== Signals ====<br />
Older rodded signals were identified by a pattern of 1234<br />
<br />
1. Prefix of S or X (for signal presumably), Z for internal flasher, Y for internal controller, Blank for 4-ways. <br />
<br />
2. Number of separate signals in the design, 1-5. Six seemed to imply a stand-alone bare signal. 4-ways with less than 4 had (4-x) blank plates installed. <br />
<br />
3. Number of lenses per signal head...1-4+ <br />
<br />
4. Accessory hardware, <br />
<br />
'''For Four Ways''' <br />
<br />
V-Pedestal <br />
<br />
U-4-way Slipfitter <br />
<br />
EX-Pendant Chain with Bell <br />
<br />
E-Spanwire Hanger <br />
<br />
H-Mast-Arm Hanger (and bottom bell?) <br />
<br />
F-Downlight <br />
<br />
'''For Adjustables''' <br />
<br />
I-Side of pole cluster mount pipes? <br />
<br />
II-Side of pole cluster mount pipes? <br />
<br />
J-Side of pole cluster mount pipes? <br />
<br />
C-Pipe Slipfitter and Finial <br />
<br />
P-Terminal block Housing Base and Finial <br />
<br />
A-Finial Only <br />
<br />
C-Slipfitter with Cluster Pipe Frame <br />
<br />
G-Mast-Arm Hanger <br />
<br />
E-Spanwire Hanger <br />
<br />
[blank]-No Hardware <br />
<br />
Modern signals seem to have been sold more in kit forms and have separate partnumbers for generic signal heads, fittings, etc. <br />
<br />
==== Controllers ====<br />
Many controllers were identified either by name only, or a descriptor instead of a discrete partnumber. Those that do follow a structured numbering system, like signal are from the 30's to mid-century. Controllers carried on the standard scheme longer than signals by a decade or two, however, up until around the 70's. <br />
<br />
Controllers were identified by the pattern of 123<br />
<br />
1. Controller Function or Motor Type, E for Electro-Mechanical, H for Flasher (or induction motor?), L for Relay <br />
<br />
2. Sub-descriptor for Controller Design, Pattern Not Identified. <br />
<br />
Possibly A-E were reserved for controller lights pattern? <br />
<br />
D- <br />
<br />
F- <br />
<br />
K- <br />
<br />
H- <br />
<br />
T- <br />
<br />
3. Model Number, Not believed to be anything more than a name.<br />
<br />
== Traffic Signals ==<br />
<br />
=== Four Ways ===<br />
Eagle produced 4-way signals in one standard body style from their introduction in 1931 as the Eaglelux to the end of production during the flat back signal era in the 50's. Only minor internal differences with the reflectors, as well as removal of the brass ID tag from the base plate, differentiated the age of these signals. The internal changes are further documented in the Adjustables sections for the Eaglelux and flat back (Rodded) 8" signals.<br />
<br />
The Eagle 4-way signal is built from individual sections with four sides riveted together. Each side had provisions for a reflector and related hardware. For less-than-4-ways, a blank door could be installed in place of a lens door - some beacons used this as an alternative location to mount the internal flashing device. One or more sections were stacked as necessary to build the signal, held together by tie rods running through the top and bottom plates. The trim of the bottom plates were especially susceptible to damage, being a cast flat plate with curved edges, both drops and side impacts focused their energy to the edge of the unrelieved curved edge causing chipping and breaking. It should be noted though, that they were an overall sturdy signal for this plate edge breakage rarely caused further damage to the signal.<br />
<br />
==== Eaglelux ====<br />
<br />
Earlier signals used a significantly heavier cast design, most notably as many were equipped with cutaway visors being molded into the door<br />
<br />
==== Rodded Eagle ====<br />
<br />
==== Variants ====<br />
<br />
===== Fire Beacon =====<br />
One unique signal offered was the fire beacon. Equipped with a siren on top, the beacon was intended to be placed outside a firehouse where it would be activated by the crew inside, clearing the road as the equipment roared out of the garage.<br />
<br />
===== Integrated controller =====<br />
When signals were more isolated and most installations were meant to be first time or lifetime, Eagle was one of many manufacturers to offer a controller built into the signal where a town merely had to mount the signal, plug it into the nearest outlet, and have a fully automatic intersection. Both beacon flashers and full RYG signals were offered with controllers built into the base. These signals are easy to spot, having a small latched box protruding below the signal skirt.<br />
<br />
===== 4-Way Photos (Temporary Holding Place) =====<br />
[[Image:Eagle 21ALV-1934-1935 LC.jpg]]<br />
<br />
'''Figure: Pedestal Beacon Model 21ALV'''<br />
<br />
<br />
[[Image:Eagle 23CU-1934-1935 LC.jpg]]<br />
[[Image:Eagle 23CU-1937 LC.jpg]]<br />
<br />
'''Figure: Model 23CU two-way post mount signal.'''<br />
<br />
<br />
[[Image:Eagle 41EX-1934-1935 LC.jpg]]<br />
<br />
'''Figure: Fire Alarm beacon, typically painted red with black accents and a siren, pendant hung via chains. Model 41EX.'''<br />
<br />
<br />
[[Image:Eagle 43E-1934-1935 LC.jpg]]<br />
<br />
'''Figure: Standard three-section Eagle 4-way model 43E for spanwire hanging.'''<br />
<br />
<br />
[[Image:Eagle 43H-1940-1941 LC.jpg]]<br />
<br />
'''Figure: Figure: Model 43H three-section Eagle 4-way with mast arm hanger and bottom downlight? bell? provision.'''<br />
<br />
<br />
[[Image:Eagle Z31F-1937 LC.jpg]]<br />
<br />
'''Figure: Model Z31F'''<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
[[Image:Eagle Y43E-1934-1935 LC.jpg]]<br />
<br />
'''Figure: Model Y43E'''<br />
<br />
=== Adjustables ===<br />
<br />
==== Ornamental Eaglelux Signal - Solid Body ====<br />
The earliest of Eagle Signals, was the Roman Column style of signal. Produced in 1931 and onwards to the mid 30’s, it appeared in Eagle advertisements until approximately 1937. It's exact dates are unknown, the front view is identical to a standard Eaglelux, while the remainder is completely different making positive identifications rather difficult. The signal itself only seems to be called decorative or ornamental in design, however, examples have been found that have Eaglelux ID tags installed. <br />
<br />
In terms of construction, it resembles a Horni or Ruleta of the era. Reflectors are housed in a cast frame assembly, the entirety of which is hinged off the signal door. The body itself is just an empty shell.<br />
<br />
[[Image:Eagle S23II-1934-1935 LC.jpg]]<br />
<br />
'''Figure: Model S23II'''<br />
<br />
<br />
[[Image:Eagle X13J-1934-1935 LC.jpg]]<br />
<br />
'''Figure: Model X13J'''<br />
<br />
==== Eaglelux ====<br />
<br />
Eagle produced adjustable signals in one basic body style from their introduction in 1936[???] as the Eaglelux to the end of production well into in the 50's when the rodded flatback signal was introduced. The signals underwent continuous, miniscule modifications throughout production, the most notable features of which are outlined below.<br />
<br />
===== Logos =====<br />
Blank bodies are found on all tall-fin, and some early models of short-fin. The back of the casting featured a prominent mold insert imprint but was devoid of any manufacturer's indication. The reason behind this is unknown. Later models of the short fin did incorporate the Eagle thunderbird outline with the raised text "Eagle Signal Corp" incorporated onto the figure. It is believed the earlier versions used a climbing script version of the word Signal, with later ones using the same font as the words Eagle and Corp always did, a plain sans-serif font. <br />
<br />
===== Endplates =====<br />
All Eagleluxes were of the tie-rod design, with two end plates holding together the group of common signal sections. The earliest of these plate styles was known informally as the Tall Fin. It was a significant flange, around 1 3/8", on the front face of the signal featuring a gentle, rounded arch shape and adding significant height to the front face of the signal. In later years this was modified down to 3/4" tall to only be a small, Short Fin which kept a similar arch profile but was barely taller that the thickness of the plate it was made to,. The top and bottom plates were interchangeable and only distinguishable because the ID tag went on the bottom. They were built with a inset flange designed to mate with the tapered body housings, the upper part of the signal was narrower and set inside a lip on the endplate while the lower part of the signal was flared out and set outside the endplate lip. This same philosophy also allowed the bodies to stack securely amongst themselves. <br />
<br />
IMG 3105 <br />
<br />
===== ID Tags =====<br />
All tall-fin models came with one or more ID tags installed. Some, if not all, short-fin models also came with an ID tag. There were several variations over the years, and the following is speculative data on when and what order and dates they were used. <br />
<br />
Brass vs. Aluminum tags. The earliest tags were made of brass, with later signals moving to aluminum tags (in the tall fin era). It is possible that in the final years of the tall fins or during the short fins, tags were changed back to brass. [Look at if this was related to WW2] <br />
<br />
This set of tags was from a pre-1942, tall-fin model. Note the two accessory tags, one references the "original" 1924 traffic signal patent 1490567, not owned by Eagle, and the other eludes to Eagle patenting the Eaglelux design when this master patent expires. Signals from 1942 and later feature tag(s) with the 2xxx patent number which are specifically for the design of this signal. <br />
<br />
<br />
These next tags are also tall-fin tags. <br />
<br />
<br />
===== Lens Holders =====<br />
As the Eaglelux was a long serving signal it is quite apparent the design was modified to keep up with the latest trends. The first lenses were held into the signal with four steel quarter-rings that interlocked. A lens to signal body and a lens to ring cork gaskets were apparently used from the start of production, however due to their fragility and short life, most signals are devoid of original gasketing. In later years these two pieces of cork became the modern single wraparound rubber gasket, still secured with the four part ring. The last of the Eagleluxes used conventional lens tabs on the bosses of the original quarter rings.<br />
<br />
===== Acorn Nuts/Tie Rods =====<br />
Some of the earlier tall fin signals used large, ornate brass and steel "acorn nuts" to cap the tie rods, sealed with a lead washer. These are faux nuts, however, not of a standard Imperial wrench size and barely fitting a suitable metric wrench, these were actually formed stampings that appear to have been swaged onto standard steel hex nuts. The remainder, and newer Eaglelux signals used standard high-profile acorn nuts without any fancy stamping or machining assembly required. Split lock washers and lead sealing washers were still in use though.<br />
<br />
===== Screws =====<br />
At some point in the production run, Eagle experimented with that new for 1934 device, the Phillips screw. This appears to be short lived, as only a few Eagleluxes have been seen without slotted screws, and by the time of the rodded flatback slotted screws were again in use. Perhaps this was around 1950 when the patent was revoked and the screw, ubiquitous to the market now, was first available cheaply to the masses.<br />
<br />
===== Visors =====<br />
Both cap and tunnel visors were popular accessories, it is presumable full circles and other variants were available as well. The earliest of visors are believed to have been made of rolled aluminum sheet, with the visor tabs being heavy brass L-brackets with one rivet into the visor and screwed to the signal in a conventional manner. The remaining visors kept to the simpler design of a rolled sheet with a folded up tab to bolt to the signal. Through the years these went through both small, thin tabs with a drilled hole and larger modern type tabs with a slot to allow easier installation and removal.<br />
<br />
===== Hinge Pins =====<br />
Rounded Rivet-Pins were used on some signals, while others a Flat-Headed Pin e.g. "Nail" were used instead.<br />
<br />
===== Odd variations =====<br />
As with most manufacturers of the time, signals were available by special order with modified designs or materials such as steel, cast iron, and bronze. Here, a surviving pair of signals made of steel are pictured. Note the slight modification to the hinge design. <br />
<br />
===== Eaglelux Photos (Temp Holding Place) =====<br />
<br />
[[Image:Eagle 13C-1940-1941 LC.jpg]]<br />
[[Image:Eagle X13C-1934-1935 LC.jpg]]<br />
<br />
'''Figure: Eaglelux signal, Tall Fin, Post Mount with Finial, Model 13C or X13C.'''<br />
<br />
<br />
[[Image:Eagle 13PwUJ15-1934-1935 LC.jpg]]<br />
<br />
'''Figure: Eaglelux 13P signal with UJ15 horizontal side of pole mount hardware.'''<br />
<br />
<br />
[[Image:Eagle KB63-1937 LC.jpg]]<br />
<br />
'''Figure: Model KB63'''<br />
<br />
<br />
[[Image:Eagle S11A-1940-1941 LC.jpg]]<br />
<br />
'''Figure: Model S11A'''<br />
<br />
<br />
[[Image:Eagle S23A-1937 LC.jpg]]<br />
<br />
'''Figure: Model S23A'''<br />
<br />
<br />
[[Image:Eagle S23C-1940-1941 LC.jpg]]<br />
<br />
'''Figure: Model S23C'''<br />
<br />
<br />
[[Image:Eagle S23I-1940-1941 LC.jpg]]<br />
<br />
'''Figure: Model S23I'''<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
[[Image:Eagle S33G-1940-1941 LC.jpg]]<br />
<br />
'''Figure: Model S33G'''<br />
<br />
<br />
[[Image:Eagle S41E-1940-1941 LC.jpg]]<br />
<br />
'''Figure: Model S41E'''<br />
<br />
<br />
[[Image:Eagle SX33C-1934-1935 LC.jpg]]<br />
<br />
'''Figure: Model SX33C'''<br />
<br />
==== Flatback (Rodded) ====<br />
<br />
<br />
==== Flatback 8" and 12" (Conventional Design) ====<br />
The Flatback model was an evolution of the last rodded signals. The casting was shortened slightly and sealed off on both ends to make a conventional sectional signal. At the same time, the reflector assemblies were simplified to a conventional reflector H-frame design and reflector/socket holder. This reduced the material and assembly required from the older style swingout/latching frames and the need to install additional features inside the housing to accomodate them.<br />
<br />
These signals, when introduced, were known as the KB170, for the eight inch version, and the KB380 for the new 12" signal heads. The models were visually identical, with the exception being dual latches on the 12" model.<br />
<br />
==== Alusig ====<br />
<br />
<br />
==== Durasig ====<br />
<br />
<br />
==== MarkIV ====<br />
<br />
== Pedestrian Signals ==<br />
''describe models, variations [delete]''<br />
<br />
=== Vehicle Heads (Round) ===<br />
<br />
=== Vehicle Heads (Square Door Adapters) ===<br />
<br />
=== Pedestrian/Sign Heads (Rectangular) ===<br />
<br />
Early rectangular pedestrian heads were a modification of standard single faced signal heads. A rectangular reflector adapter was fitted to the front of a standard signal body.<br />
<br />
[[Image:Eagle_worded_ped_WHL.jpg]]<br />
<br />
Figure: Eagle worded pedestrian signal.<br />
<br />
<br />
[[Image:Eagle_worded_ped_interior_WHL.jpg]]<br />
<br />
Figure: Interior view.<br />
<br />
== Informational Signals and Signs ==<br />
''describe models, variations [delete]''<br />
''includes "box signs," "case signs," and Ped Heads with special [non-ped] lenses.<br />
<br />
<br />
== Lenses ==<br />
<br />
=== Vehicular === <br />
==== Kopp 27 Diamond ====<br />
Early Eaglelux signals often were equipped with Kopp lettered or non-lettered diamond pattern lenses.<br />
<br />
[[Image:Kopp-27 caution WHL.jpg]]<br />
<br />
Figure: Kopp 27 "diamond pattern" lens with command lettering.<br />
<br />
==== Adler Bar Lenses ====<br />
<br />
Adler bar lenses were optional. They were designed for color blind drivers. Red lens - horizontal bar. Amber lens - diagonal bar. Green lens - vertical bar.<br />
<br />
[[Image:Adler_bar_lens_WHL.jpg]]<br />
<br />
Figure: Adler bar lens.<br />
<br />
==== Kopp 88.1 ====<br />
A rare variant of the 88a was the 88 or 88.1 lens. While visually quite similar to the more ubiquitous version, the 88.1 had more of a vertical brick pattern.<br />
[[File:Kopp88LightYellow Obverse Full.JPG]]<br />
<br />
==== Kopp 88a ====<br />
The majority of Eagle signals have featured this lens. These lenses had a very fine beaded pattern that refracted a bright light. Earlier lenses had Eagle's Stop-Go crossed semaphore flag logo prominently molded in the front. In later versions of the Kopp 88a lenses, the crossed flags were replaced with a spread wing eagle inside a square.<br />
<br />
[[Image:Kopp_88-a_WHL.jpg]]<br />
<br />
Figure: Kopp 88a lens (with stop and go flag logo)<br />
<br />
=== Pedestrian ===<br />
<br />
==== Worded ====<br />
=====Circular=====<br />
[[File:KoppCircularWalk Obverse Full.JPG]]<br />
<br />
<br />
=====Square=====<br />
[[File:KoppWordedDontWalk Obverse Full.JPG]]<br />
[[File:KoppDontWalkLens Reverse Full.JPG]]<br />
<br />
Shown below is a less common variation of the walk lens where there is a stripe through the letters instead of the lens being completely black. This came in a white or black stripe. Pictured here is a black stripe that has faded to a gray color from years of use.<br />
<br />
[[File:KoppWalkLens Obverse Full.JPG]]<br />
[[File:KoppWalkLens Reverse Full.JPG]]<br />
<br />
==== Symbols ====<br />
<br />
=== Special ===<br />
<br />
== Controllers ==<br />
Eagle has manufactured controllers for as long as they have signals. In 1926 they [possibly in the previous company as ESSCO] installed what is claimed to be the first flexible progressive timing system in the loop district of Chicago. By 1931 they were a full line controller company making flexible progressive, limited progressive, coordinated, and isolated controllers.<br />
<br />
Also in the late '20's the famous Co-ordiplex system was developed. This was widely adopted by many of the larger cities from coast to coast entering the 1930's including:<br />
Chicago<br />
L.A.<br />
St. Louis<br />
Spokane & Seattle, WA<br />
Tulsa, OK<br />
New Orleans<br />
Canton, OH<br />
Cambridge, MA<br />
E. Pittsburgh & Bethlehem<br />
Newport, KY<br />
Rochester, NY<br />
Baltimore<br />
<br />
Of special note is their early international reach with both Winnipeg, Manitoba, CAN and Melbourne, AUS using the controllers and in the case of Melbourne at least, Eagle Signals for many years to come.<br />
<br />
Eagle, like most manufacturers, had a few basic cabinet castings over the years, going from small cast metal tombstone style cabinets to larger and more squared off cast aluminum cabinets before the modern stamped and formed stainless steel sheetmetal cabinets to refrigerator sized boxes of today. Each era housed a variety of similar model controllers, the main differences being in functionality and installed accessories. <br />
<br />
=== Early Controllers of the 1930's ===<br />
<br />
==== Fixed Signal Patterns ====<br />
In 1934, with many two-color lights still in service or being installed, Eagle offered the following five fixed controller patterns:<br />
<br />
Three Color Signals<br />
Cycle A - G, GA, R, RA<br />
Cycle B - G, A, R, A<br />
Cycle C - G, GA, R<br />
Cycle D - G, A, R<br />
<br />
Two Color Signals<br />
Cycle E - Red N/S overlaps Red E/W during Change <br />
<br />
====Simplex Traffic Signal Timer====<br />
A name more synonymous with W. S. Darley and timeclocks, the 20's saw Eagle develop the Simplex timer early in traffic signal development. It featured low maintenance, an induction disc drive motor, and heavy contact load ratings. Stop, Go, and the total period are adjustable via sliding scale and dials (Amber-Caution being a byproduct of the red, green and total times). Furnished in both automatic and manual control versions, and in an aluminum weatherproof cabinet.<br />
<br />
The Simplex controller of the 1930's was used for isolated intersections and as the master for a staggered system. The adjustability was for green lights and cycle times (amber was fixed). Contact ratings were 10A per circuit. The dial motors were available in induction disc and Synchronous types. When used with the later, the controller was known as a Synchro-Simplex and was better suited for interconnected operation and was apparently better regulated in timekeeping. These types were reccomended for "intersections within 1000 feet" to allow coordinated movements of traffic. Regardless of motor type, the controller had manual control options and an optional amber flasher.<br />
<br />
[[Image:Eagle Simplex-1931 LC.jpg]]<br />
<br />
'''Image: Simplex timer in aluminum cabinet circa 1931. [Image by LC]'''<br />
<br />
<br />
====Co-oridplex Traffic System====<br />
An interconnected traffic control system with either a dual master switchboard or cabinet controller acting as the master timer while each intersection runs on a local timer connected back to the master with only four wires. <br />
<br />
Can operate as a Simplex controller but designed for the flexible-progressive traffic control method hence the "coordinated" surname. This was designed to have a master controller interconnected to local controllers at each intersection. By adjusting the timing of one intersection or adjusting values of the master controller it was possible to reflect the changes in the streets along that route, allowing a smooth flow and proper intervals to be made years before proper analog computers were in existance! Like the Simplex, these were available in induction disc and synchronous types - the synchronous recommended for more heavy duty traffic applications.<br />
<br />
[[Image:Eagle Co-Ordiplex Local-1931 LC.jpg]]<br />
<br />
'''Image: Co-ordiplex local timer in aluminum cabinet circa 1931. [Image by LC]'''<br />
<br />
<br />
==== Eagle-Senior Controllers ====<br />
These were an early attempt to allow programmability in controllers (as noted previously, most controllers did a forced green-yellow-red with little adjustment between them nor other patterns like left turn arrows, all reds, etc.). With expansion and large intersections in mind they were designed to accomodate 14 circuits and allow 12 timing intervals. They were designed to accomodate flexible-progressive and Co-ordiplex control systems and would operate on a synchronous motor and keep good time so controller interconnection was not necessary. The Senior-Triplex was one of the first three-dial controllers allowing one controller to operate at three different timing patterns.<br />
<br />
<br />
==== Eagle Master Controllers ====<br />
Master controllers were designed to drive the entire flexible progressive system. Their functions were to keep all local controllers in time with each other, adjusting the total cycle time for the system, and finally to serve as an overall signal control - setting nighttime flash mode, emergency street clearance, etc.<br />
<br />
<br />
==== Actuated Controllers ====<br />
Eagle claimed a "liscensed list of an imposing list of patents" for actuated controllers. While they do not go into detail, by 1935 they were incorporating this into their flexible-progressive systems.<br />
<br />
<br />
==== Eagle-Junior Beacon Flashers ====<br />
These were described as small, ball bearing movement flashers. The motors were of induction type with cotton windings. Silver was used for the contact points. "Years of maintenance free operation"<br />
<br />
<br />
====Vario Three-Period Timer====<br />
Designed for three-street intersections with independant "Go" periods for each street once per cycle with "a customary traffic change period" before each change in traffic. The amber period is also independently adjustable. Comes in aluminum cabinet.<br />
<br />
[[Image:Eagle VarioThreePeriod-1931 LC.jpg]]<br />
<br />
'''Image: Vario three-period timer in aluminum cabinet circa 1931. [Image by LC]'''<br />
<br />
<br />
=== Photos Temp ===<br />
==== Co-Ordiplex Demand Controller ====<br />
[[Image:Eagle Co-OrdiplexDemand-1940-1941 LC.jpg]]<br />
<br />
'''Figure: Eagle Co-Ordiplex Demand Controller'''<br />
<br />
<br />
==== ED19 Auto/Man. Induction Type Simplex ====<br />
[[Image:Eagle ED19-1934-1935 LC.jpg]]<br />
<br />
'''Figure: Eagle ED19 automatic and manual induction type Simplex controller circa 1934-1935. [Image by LC]'''<br />
<br />
<br />
==== EH1 Induction Type Master Controller ====<br />
[[Image:Eagle EH1-1934-1935 LC.jpg]]<br />
<br />
'''Figure: EH1 Induction type master controller circa 1934-1935. [Image by LC]'''<br />
<br />
<br />
==== EH4 Duplex Induction Type Master Controller====<br />
[[Image:Eagle EH4-1934-1935 LC.jpg]]<br />
<br />
'''Figure: EH4 Duplex induction type master controller circa 1934-1941. [Image by LC]'''<br />
<br />
<br />
==== EH60 Synchronous Master Controller ====<br />
[[Image:Eagle EH60-1934-1935 LC.jpg]]<br />
[[Image:Eagle EH60-1940-1941 LC.jpg]]<br />
<br />
'''Figure: EH60 Synchronous master controller circa 1934-1941. [Image by LC]'''<br />
<br />
<br />
==== EK41 Auto/Man. Co-ordiplex Controller ====<br />
[[Image:Eagle EK41-1934-1935 LC.jpg]]<br />
<br />
'''Figure: EK41 Automatic and manual co-ordiplex controller circa 1934-1935. [Image by LC]'''<br />
<br />
<br />
==== EK400 TBD ====<br />
[[Image:Eagle EK400-1937 LC.jpg]]<br />
<br />
'''Figure: EK400'''<br />
<br />
<br />
==== EK658 Co-ordiplex Controller ====<br />
[[Image:Eagle EK658-1934-1935 LC.jpg]]<br />
<br />
'''Figure: EK658 shown without covers and removed from cabinet. Circa 1934-1935. [Image by LC]'''<br />
<br />
<br />
==== EKS70 Co-ordiplex controller ====<br />
[[Image:Eagle EKS70-1934-1935 LC.jpg]]<br />
<br />
'''Figure: EKS70 Co-ordiplex controller shown with dial cover open. Circa 1934-1935. [Image by LC]'''<br />
<br />
<br />
==== EKS71 Eagle-Senior Three Dial Controller ====<br />
[[Image:Eagle EKS71-1934-1935 LC.jpg]]<br />
<br />
'''Figure: EKS71 Eagle-Senior three dial controller without mechanisim cover. Circa 1934-1935. [Image by LC]'''<br />
<br />
<br />
==== HT4 Junior Flasher & EL42 Cabinet ====<br />
[[Image:Eagle HT4-1934-1935 LC.jpg]]<br />
<br />
'''Figure: HT4 Eagle-Junior flasher with RFI filter. Cabinet shown is EL42. Circa 1934-1935. [Image by LC]'''<br />
<br />
<br />
==== HT14 TBD ====<br />
[[Image:Eagle HT14-1937 LC.jpg]]<br />
<br />
'''Figure: HT14'''<br />
<br />
<br />
==== LA1 Jack Mounted Relay ====<br />
[[Image:Eagle LA1-1934-1935 LC.jpg]]<br />
<br />
'''Figure: LA1 Jack mouted relay, one of 75 types available. Circa 1934-1935. [Image by LC]'''<br />
<br />
<br />
==== Simplex TBD ====<br />
[[Image:Eagle Simplex-1940-1941 LC.jpg]]<br />
<br />
'''Figure: Simplex'''<br />
<br />
<br />
==== Synchro Simplex TBD ====<br />
[[Image:Eagle Synchro Simplex-1940-1941 LC.jpg]]<br />
<br />
'''Figure: Synchro Simplex'''<br />
<br />
<br />
==== A2 TBD ====<br />
[[Image:Eagle TypeA2-1940-1941 LC.jpg]]<br />
<br />
'''Figure: TypeA2'''<br />
<br />
<br />
==== A TBD ====<br />
[[Image:Eagle TypeA-1940-1941 LC.jpg]]<br />
<br />
'''Figure: TypeA'''<br />
<br />
==== Eagle Programmable Actuated Console (EPAC) ====<br />
<br />
'''EPAC 300 M10 Series'''<br />
<br />
'''EPAC 300 M30 Series'''<br />
<br />
'''EPAC 300 M40 Series'''<br />
<br />
'''EPAC M50 Series'''<br />
<br />
==== Eagle Programmable Interval Console (EPIC) ====<br />
<br />
==== Monitor And Report Console (MARC) ====<br />
<br />
==== Ramp Metering Console (RMC) ====<br />
<br />
== Hardware ==<br />
''this would include any kind of mounting hardware including brackets, slipfitters, hangers, bases, etc. [delete]''<br />
<br />
<br />
== Restored Examples ==<br />
<br />
[[Image:Eagle 43E WHL.jpg]]<br />
<br />
Eagle (Eaglelux) Type 43E with Kopp 27 lenses. (Willis Lamm Collection)<br />
<br />
<br />
[[Image:Eagle_kb63_WHL.jpg]]<br />
<br />
Eagle (Eaglelux) KB63 with two original Adler lenses. (Willis Lamm Collection)<br />
<br />
<br />
[[Image:Eagle_rfb_WHL.jpg]]<br />
<br />
Eagle "rodded flat back" single face signal with Kopp 88a lenses. (Willis Lamm Collection)<br />
<br />
<br />
[[Image:Eagle_fb_WHL.jpg]]<br />
<br />
Eagle "flat back" single face signal with 12 inch red section. (Willis Lamm Collection)<br />
<br />
== Relevant Patents ==<br />
''Patent numbers relevant to this MFR or signals specifically. Not just every patent by company X.''<br />
<br />
<br />
== References ==<br />
Eagle Signal/Danaher Industrial Controls<br />
<br />
ITS Siemens Corporate History<br />
<br />
Business Wire, Jan 9, 1997</div>SchoolcraftSignalhttps://wiki.highwaydivides.com/index.php?title=File:KoppCircularWalk_Obverse_Full.JPG&diff=2392File:KoppCircularWalk Obverse Full.JPG2016-05-28T19:45:28Z<p>SchoolcraftSignal: Front view of a circular Kopp walk lens lit by a 40 Watt bulb in an Eaglelux Tall Fin</p>
<hr />
<div>Front view of a circular Kopp walk lens lit by a 40 Watt bulb in an Eaglelux Tall Fin</div>SchoolcraftSignalhttps://wiki.highwaydivides.com/index.php?title=Eagle&diff=2391Eagle2016-05-28T19:21:31Z<p>SchoolcraftSignal: /* Worded */</p>
<hr />
<div>'''Note: This section currently only covers the scope of Eagle Traffic Signals from the first documented signal in 1931 to their modern day evolution into the Siemens ITS conglomerate.'''<br />
<br />
Go Here For [[Essco]], AKA the Eagle Signal and Sign Company.<br />
<br />
Go Here For [[Harrington-Seaberg]].<br />
<br />
== History ==<br />
<br />
[[Image:AMCI-Eagle Logo-LC.jpg]]<br />
<br />
=== Founding years ===<br />
The Eagle Signal and Sign Company appears to have been founded in 1931 coming in right after the first wave of signals and manufacturers in the mid 20's. It's early operation history is still under debate and may have involved contract production for, by or merely distribution partnerships with Harrington-Seaberg and ESSCO.<br />
<br />
=== Middle Ages ===<br />
As Eagle moved through the 1930's and into the 1940's they kept with a narrow product lineup but continued to tweak and upgrade the designs. They remained a market leader competing with Crouse-Hinds, and to a lesser amount Marbelite, for control of midwest America as early competitors like GE and Horni faded away while new companies such as Econolite and A1 signal came onto the scene. Having plugged away for over 25 years with the same basic design, the first generation of flat back models wee introduced in the mid 50's with fully modern adjustable signals quickly followed by 12" signals as Eagle entered the 1960's <br />
<br />
<br />
=== Modern Age ===<br />
As Eagle entered into the modern age of signals they underwent many corporate changes. Moving from their traditional headquarters in Moline, Illinois to a new base of operations in Davenport, Iowa and an acquisition by Gulf & Western started a long period of corporate activity. 1987 Mark IV Industries acquires Eagle Signal (DBA Harrington Seaberg?) and in 1988 consolidates the Mark IV, Automatic Signal, and Eagle brands into Automatic Signal/Eagle Signal. Mark IV moved the company to its current headquarters in Austin, Texas. Name later changed to Eagle Traffic Control Systems. Timer motor division sold in 1992? January 9, 1997 Mark IV Industries, Inc. sold its Automatic Signal/Eagle Signal subsidiary to Siemens Energy & Automation, Inc. The Eagle name was dropped following aquisition to be now known as Siemens ITS.<br />
<br />
In November 2013, Siemens split the product line in two and sold the traffic signal and cabinet manufacturing to Brown Traffic Products of Davenport, Iowa. Siemens ITS retained the controller software and hardware lines, as well as the regional software products. Brown Traffic operates the former Siemens Austin TX facility, and has brought back the original Eagle brand name.<br />
<br />
=== International Operations ===<br />
Some vintage Eagle equipment has been seen, in slightly modified versions of the American designs, in both Australia and Europe.<br />
<br />
=== Part Numbering Systems ===<br />
<br />
The part numbering system for Eagle Signals, especially in the early days, is quite confusing. The general patterns are as follows: <br />
<br />
==== Signals ====<br />
Older rodded signals were identified by a pattern of 1234<br />
<br />
1. Prefix of S or X (for signal presumably), Z for internal flasher, Y for internal controller, Blank for 4-ways. <br />
<br />
2. Number of separate signals in the design, 1-5. Six seemed to imply a stand-alone bare signal. 4-ways with less than 4 had (4-x) blank plates installed. <br />
<br />
3. Number of lenses per signal head...1-4+ <br />
<br />
4. Accessory hardware, <br />
<br />
'''For Four Ways''' <br />
<br />
V-Pedestal <br />
<br />
U-4-way Slipfitter <br />
<br />
EX-Pendant Chain with Bell <br />
<br />
E-Spanwire Hanger <br />
<br />
H-Mast-Arm Hanger (and bottom bell?) <br />
<br />
F-Downlight <br />
<br />
'''For Adjustables''' <br />
<br />
I-Side of pole cluster mount pipes? <br />
<br />
II-Side of pole cluster mount pipes? <br />
<br />
J-Side of pole cluster mount pipes? <br />
<br />
C-Pipe Slipfitter and Finial <br />
<br />
P-Terminal block Housing Base and Finial <br />
<br />
A-Finial Only <br />
<br />
C-Slipfitter with Cluster Pipe Frame <br />
<br />
G-Mast-Arm Hanger <br />
<br />
E-Spanwire Hanger <br />
<br />
[blank]-No Hardware <br />
<br />
Modern signals seem to have been sold more in kit forms and have separate partnumbers for generic signal heads, fittings, etc. <br />
<br />
==== Controllers ====<br />
Many controllers were identified either by name only, or a descriptor instead of a discrete partnumber. Those that do follow a structured numbering system, like signal are from the 30's to mid-century. Controllers carried on the standard scheme longer than signals by a decade or two, however, up until around the 70's. <br />
<br />
Controllers were identified by the pattern of 123<br />
<br />
1. Controller Function or Motor Type, E for Electro-Mechanical, H for Flasher (or induction motor?), L for Relay <br />
<br />
2. Sub-descriptor for Controller Design, Pattern Not Identified. <br />
<br />
Possibly A-E were reserved for controller lights pattern? <br />
<br />
D- <br />
<br />
F- <br />
<br />
K- <br />
<br />
H- <br />
<br />
T- <br />
<br />
3. Model Number, Not believed to be anything more than a name.<br />
<br />
== Traffic Signals ==<br />
<br />
=== Four Ways ===<br />
Eagle produced 4-way signals in one standard body style from their introduction in 1931 as the Eaglelux to the end of production during the flat back signal era in the 50's. Only minor internal differences with the reflectors, as well as removal of the brass ID tag from the base plate, differentiated the age of these signals. The internal changes are further documented in the Adjustables sections for the Eaglelux and flat back (Rodded) 8" signals.<br />
<br />
The Eagle 4-way signal is built from individual sections with four sides riveted together. Each side had provisions for a reflector and related hardware. For less-than-4-ways, a blank door could be installed in place of a lens door - some beacons used this as an alternative location to mount the internal flashing device. One or more sections were stacked as necessary to build the signal, held together by tie rods running through the top and bottom plates. The trim of the bottom plates were especially susceptible to damage, being a cast flat plate with curved edges, both drops and side impacts focused their energy to the edge of the unrelieved curved edge causing chipping and breaking. It should be noted though, that they were an overall sturdy signal for this plate edge breakage rarely caused further damage to the signal.<br />
<br />
==== Eaglelux ====<br />
<br />
Earlier signals used a significantly heavier cast design, most notably as many were equipped with cutaway visors being molded into the door<br />
<br />
==== Rodded Eagle ====<br />
<br />
==== Variants ====<br />
<br />
===== Fire Beacon =====<br />
One unique signal offered was the fire beacon. Equipped with a siren on top, the beacon was intended to be placed outside a firehouse where it would be activated by the crew inside, clearing the road as the equipment roared out of the garage.<br />
<br />
===== Integrated controller =====<br />
When signals were more isolated and most installations were meant to be first time or lifetime, Eagle was one of many manufacturers to offer a controller built into the signal where a town merely had to mount the signal, plug it into the nearest outlet, and have a fully automatic intersection. Both beacon flashers and full RYG signals were offered with controllers built into the base. These signals are easy to spot, having a small latched box protruding below the signal skirt.<br />
<br />
===== 4-Way Photos (Temporary Holding Place) =====<br />
[[Image:Eagle 21ALV-1934-1935 LC.jpg]]<br />
<br />
'''Figure: Pedestal Beacon Model 21ALV'''<br />
<br />
<br />
[[Image:Eagle 23CU-1934-1935 LC.jpg]]<br />
[[Image:Eagle 23CU-1937 LC.jpg]]<br />
<br />
'''Figure: Model 23CU two-way post mount signal.'''<br />
<br />
<br />
[[Image:Eagle 41EX-1934-1935 LC.jpg]]<br />
<br />
'''Figure: Fire Alarm beacon, typically painted red with black accents and a siren, pendant hung via chains. Model 41EX.'''<br />
<br />
<br />
[[Image:Eagle 43E-1934-1935 LC.jpg]]<br />
<br />
'''Figure: Standard three-section Eagle 4-way model 43E for spanwire hanging.'''<br />
<br />
<br />
[[Image:Eagle 43H-1940-1941 LC.jpg]]<br />
<br />
'''Figure: Figure: Model 43H three-section Eagle 4-way with mast arm hanger and bottom downlight? bell? provision.'''<br />
<br />
<br />
[[Image:Eagle Z31F-1937 LC.jpg]]<br />
<br />
'''Figure: Model Z31F'''<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
[[Image:Eagle Y43E-1934-1935 LC.jpg]]<br />
<br />
'''Figure: Model Y43E'''<br />
<br />
=== Adjustables ===<br />
<br />
==== Ornamental Eaglelux Signal - Solid Body ====<br />
The earliest of Eagle Signals, was the Roman Column style of signal. Produced in 1931 and onwards to the mid 30’s, it appeared in Eagle advertisements until approximately 1937. It's exact dates are unknown, the front view is identical to a standard Eaglelux, while the remainder is completely different making positive identifications rather difficult. The signal itself only seems to be called decorative or ornamental in design, however, examples have been found that have Eaglelux ID tags installed. <br />
<br />
In terms of construction, it resembles a Horni or Ruleta of the era. Reflectors are housed in a cast frame assembly, the entirety of which is hinged off the signal door. The body itself is just an empty shell.<br />
<br />
[[Image:Eagle S23II-1934-1935 LC.jpg]]<br />
<br />
'''Figure: Model S23II'''<br />
<br />
<br />
[[Image:Eagle X13J-1934-1935 LC.jpg]]<br />
<br />
'''Figure: Model X13J'''<br />
<br />
==== Eaglelux ====<br />
<br />
Eagle produced adjustable signals in one basic body style from their introduction in 1936[???] as the Eaglelux to the end of production well into in the 50's when the rodded flatback signal was introduced. The signals underwent continuous, miniscule modifications throughout production, the most notable features of which are outlined below.<br />
<br />
===== Logos =====<br />
Blank bodies are found on all tall-fin, and some early models of short-fin. The back of the casting featured a prominent mold insert imprint but was devoid of any manufacturer's indication. The reason behind this is unknown. Later models of the short fin did incorporate the Eagle thunderbird outline with the raised text "Eagle Signal Corp" incorporated onto the figure. It is believed the earlier versions used a climbing script version of the word Signal, with later ones using the same font as the words Eagle and Corp always did, a plain sans-serif font. <br />
<br />
===== Endplates =====<br />
All Eagleluxes were of the tie-rod design, with two end plates holding together the group of common signal sections. The earliest of these plate styles was known informally as the Tall Fin. It was a significant flange, around 1 3/8", on the front face of the signal featuring a gentle, rounded arch shape and adding significant height to the front face of the signal. In later years this was modified down to 3/4" tall to only be a small, Short Fin which kept a similar arch profile but was barely taller that the thickness of the plate it was made to,. The top and bottom plates were interchangeable and only distinguishable because the ID tag went on the bottom. They were built with a inset flange designed to mate with the tapered body housings, the upper part of the signal was narrower and set inside a lip on the endplate while the lower part of the signal was flared out and set outside the endplate lip. This same philosophy also allowed the bodies to stack securely amongst themselves. <br />
<br />
IMG 3105 <br />
<br />
===== ID Tags =====<br />
All tall-fin models came with one or more ID tags installed. Some, if not all, short-fin models also came with an ID tag. There were several variations over the years, and the following is speculative data on when and what order and dates they were used. <br />
<br />
Brass vs. Aluminum tags. The earliest tags were made of brass, with later signals moving to aluminum tags (in the tall fin era). It is possible that in the final years of the tall fins or during the short fins, tags were changed back to brass. [Look at if this was related to WW2] <br />
<br />
This set of tags was from a pre-1942, tall-fin model. Note the two accessory tags, one references the "original" 1924 traffic signal patent 1490567, not owned by Eagle, and the other eludes to Eagle patenting the Eaglelux design when this master patent expires. Signals from 1942 and later feature tag(s) with the 2xxx patent number which are specifically for the design of this signal. <br />
<br />
<br />
These next tags are also tall-fin tags. <br />
<br />
<br />
===== Lens Holders =====<br />
As the Eaglelux was a long serving signal it is quite apparent the design was modified to keep up with the latest trends. The first lenses were held into the signal with four steel quarter-rings that interlocked. A lens to signal body and a lens to ring cork gaskets were apparently used from the start of production, however due to their fragility and short life, most signals are devoid of original gasketing. In later years these two pieces of cork became the modern single wraparound rubber gasket, still secured with the four part ring. The last of the Eagleluxes used conventional lens tabs on the bosses of the original quarter rings.<br />
<br />
===== Acorn Nuts/Tie Rods =====<br />
Some of the earlier tall fin signals used large, ornate brass and steel "acorn nuts" to cap the tie rods, sealed with a lead washer. These are faux nuts, however, not of a standard Imperial wrench size and barely fitting a suitable metric wrench, these were actually formed stampings that appear to have been swaged onto standard steel hex nuts. The remainder, and newer Eaglelux signals used standard high-profile acorn nuts without any fancy stamping or machining assembly required. Split lock washers and lead sealing washers were still in use though.<br />
<br />
===== Screws =====<br />
At some point in the production run, Eagle experimented with that new for 1934 device, the Phillips screw. This appears to be short lived, as only a few Eagleluxes have been seen without slotted screws, and by the time of the rodded flatback slotted screws were again in use. Perhaps this was around 1950 when the patent was revoked and the screw, ubiquitous to the market now, was first available cheaply to the masses.<br />
<br />
===== Visors =====<br />
Both cap and tunnel visors were popular accessories, it is presumable full circles and other variants were available as well. The earliest of visors are believed to have been made of rolled aluminum sheet, with the visor tabs being heavy brass L-brackets with one rivet into the visor and screwed to the signal in a conventional manner. The remaining visors kept to the simpler design of a rolled sheet with a folded up tab to bolt to the signal. Through the years these went through both small, thin tabs with a drilled hole and larger modern type tabs with a slot to allow easier installation and removal.<br />
<br />
===== Hinge Pins =====<br />
Rounded Rivet-Pins were used on some signals, while others a Flat-Headed Pin e.g. "Nail" were used instead.<br />
<br />
===== Odd variations =====<br />
As with most manufacturers of the time, signals were available by special order with modified designs or materials such as steel, cast iron, and bronze. Here, a surviving pair of signals made of steel are pictured. Note the slight modification to the hinge design. <br />
<br />
===== Eaglelux Photos (Temp Holding Place) =====<br />
<br />
[[Image:Eagle 13C-1940-1941 LC.jpg]]<br />
[[Image:Eagle X13C-1934-1935 LC.jpg]]<br />
<br />
'''Figure: Eaglelux signal, Tall Fin, Post Mount with Finial, Model 13C or X13C.'''<br />
<br />
<br />
[[Image:Eagle 13PwUJ15-1934-1935 LC.jpg]]<br />
<br />
'''Figure: Eaglelux 13P signal with UJ15 horizontal side of pole mount hardware.'''<br />
<br />
<br />
[[Image:Eagle KB63-1937 LC.jpg]]<br />
<br />
'''Figure: Model KB63'''<br />
<br />
<br />
[[Image:Eagle S11A-1940-1941 LC.jpg]]<br />
<br />
'''Figure: Model S11A'''<br />
<br />
<br />
[[Image:Eagle S23A-1937 LC.jpg]]<br />
<br />
'''Figure: Model S23A'''<br />
<br />
<br />
[[Image:Eagle S23C-1940-1941 LC.jpg]]<br />
<br />
'''Figure: Model S23C'''<br />
<br />
<br />
[[Image:Eagle S23I-1940-1941 LC.jpg]]<br />
<br />
'''Figure: Model S23I'''<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
[[Image:Eagle S33G-1940-1941 LC.jpg]]<br />
<br />
'''Figure: Model S33G'''<br />
<br />
<br />
[[Image:Eagle S41E-1940-1941 LC.jpg]]<br />
<br />
'''Figure: Model S41E'''<br />
<br />
<br />
[[Image:Eagle SX33C-1934-1935 LC.jpg]]<br />
<br />
'''Figure: Model SX33C'''<br />
<br />
==== Flatback (Rodded) ====<br />
<br />
<br />
==== Flatback 8" and 12" (Conventional Design) ====<br />
The Flatback model was an evolution of the last rodded signals. The casting was shortened slightly and sealed off on both ends to make a conventional sectional signal. At the same time, the reflector assemblies were simplified to a conventional reflector H-frame design and reflector/socket holder. This reduced the material and assembly required from the older style swingout/latching frames and the need to install additional features inside the housing to accomodate them.<br />
<br />
These signals, when introduced, were known as the KB170, for the eight inch version, and the KB380 for the new 12" signal heads. The models were visually identical, with the exception being dual latches on the 12" model.<br />
<br />
==== Alusig ====<br />
<br />
<br />
==== Durasig ====<br />
<br />
<br />
==== MarkIV ====<br />
<br />
== Pedestrian Signals ==<br />
''describe models, variations [delete]''<br />
<br />
=== Vehicle Heads (Round) ===<br />
<br />
=== Vehicle Heads (Square Door Adapters) ===<br />
<br />
=== Pedestrian/Sign Heads (Rectangular) ===<br />
<br />
Early rectangular pedestrian heads were a modification of standard single faced signal heads. A rectangular reflector adapter was fitted to the front of a standard signal body.<br />
<br />
[[Image:Eagle_worded_ped_WHL.jpg]]<br />
<br />
Figure: Eagle worded pedestrian signal.<br />
<br />
<br />
[[Image:Eagle_worded_ped_interior_WHL.jpg]]<br />
<br />
Figure: Interior view.<br />
<br />
== Informational Signals and Signs ==<br />
''describe models, variations [delete]''<br />
''includes "box signs," "case signs," and Ped Heads with special [non-ped] lenses.<br />
<br />
<br />
== Lenses ==<br />
<br />
=== Vehicular === <br />
==== Kopp 27 Diamond ====<br />
Early Eaglelux signals often were equipped with Kopp lettered or non-lettered diamond pattern lenses.<br />
<br />
[[Image:Kopp-27 caution WHL.jpg]]<br />
<br />
Figure: Kopp 27 "diamond pattern" lens with command lettering.<br />
<br />
==== Adler Bar Lenses ====<br />
<br />
Adler bar lenses were optional. They were designed for color blind drivers. Red lens - horizontal bar. Amber lens - diagonal bar. Green lens - vertical bar.<br />
<br />
[[Image:Adler_bar_lens_WHL.jpg]]<br />
<br />
Figure: Adler bar lens.<br />
<br />
==== Kopp 88.1 ====<br />
A rare variant of the 88a was the 88 or 88.1 lens. While visually quite similar to the more ubiquitous version, the 88.1 had more of a vertical brick pattern.<br />
[[File:Kopp88LightYellow Obverse Full.JPG]]<br />
<br />
==== Kopp 88a ====<br />
The majority of Eagle signals have featured this lens. These lenses had a very fine beaded pattern that refracted a bright light. Earlier lenses had Eagle's Stop-Go crossed semaphore flag logo prominently molded in the front. In later versions of the Kopp 88a lenses, the crossed flags were replaced with a spread wing eagle inside a square.<br />
<br />
[[Image:Kopp_88-a_WHL.jpg]]<br />
<br />
Figure: Kopp 88a lens (with stop and go flag logo)<br />
<br />
=== Pedestrian ===<br />
<br />
==== Worded ====<br />
[[File:KoppWordedDontWalk Obverse Full.JPG]]<br />
[[File:KoppDontWalkLens Reverse Full.JPG]]<br />
<br />
Shown below is a less common variation of the walk lens where there is a stripe through the letters instead of the lens being completely black. This came in a white or black stripe. Pictured here is a black stripe that has faded to a gray color from years of use.<br />
<br />
[[File:KoppWalkLens Obverse Full.JPG]]<br />
[[File:KoppWalkLens Reverse Full.JPG]]<br />
<br />
==== Symbols ====<br />
<br />
=== Special ===<br />
<br />
== Controllers ==<br />
Eagle has manufactured controllers for as long as they have signals. In 1926 they [possibly in the previous company as ESSCO] installed what is claimed to be the first flexible progressive timing system in the loop district of Chicago. By 1931 they were a full line controller company making flexible progressive, limited progressive, coordinated, and isolated controllers.<br />
<br />
Also in the late '20's the famous Co-ordiplex system was developed. This was widely adopted by many of the larger cities from coast to coast entering the 1930's including:<br />
Chicago<br />
L.A.<br />
St. Louis<br />
Spokane & Seattle, WA<br />
Tulsa, OK<br />
New Orleans<br />
Canton, OH<br />
Cambridge, MA<br />
E. Pittsburgh & Bethlehem<br />
Newport, KY<br />
Rochester, NY<br />
Baltimore<br />
<br />
Of special note is their early international reach with both Winnipeg, Manitoba, CAN and Melbourne, AUS using the controllers and in the case of Melbourne at least, Eagle Signals for many years to come.<br />
<br />
Eagle, like most manufacturers, had a few basic cabinet castings over the years, going from small cast metal tombstone style cabinets to larger and more squared off cast aluminum cabinets before the modern stamped and formed stainless steel sheetmetal cabinets to refrigerator sized boxes of today. Each era housed a variety of similar model controllers, the main differences being in functionality and installed accessories. <br />
<br />
=== Early Controllers of the 1930's ===<br />
<br />
==== Fixed Signal Patterns ====<br />
In 1934, with many two-color lights still in service or being installed, Eagle offered the following five fixed controller patterns:<br />
<br />
Three Color Signals<br />
Cycle A - G, GA, R, RA<br />
Cycle B - G, A, R, A<br />
Cycle C - G, GA, R<br />
Cycle D - G, A, R<br />
<br />
Two Color Signals<br />
Cycle E - Red N/S overlaps Red E/W during Change <br />
<br />
====Simplex Traffic Signal Timer====<br />
A name more synonymous with W. S. Darley and timeclocks, the 20's saw Eagle develop the Simplex timer early in traffic signal development. It featured low maintenance, an induction disc drive motor, and heavy contact load ratings. Stop, Go, and the total period are adjustable via sliding scale and dials (Amber-Caution being a byproduct of the red, green and total times). Furnished in both automatic and manual control versions, and in an aluminum weatherproof cabinet.<br />
<br />
The Simplex controller of the 1930's was used for isolated intersections and as the master for a staggered system. The adjustability was for green lights and cycle times (amber was fixed). Contact ratings were 10A per circuit. The dial motors were available in induction disc and Synchronous types. When used with the later, the controller was known as a Synchro-Simplex and was better suited for interconnected operation and was apparently better regulated in timekeeping. These types were reccomended for "intersections within 1000 feet" to allow coordinated movements of traffic. Regardless of motor type, the controller had manual control options and an optional amber flasher.<br />
<br />
[[Image:Eagle Simplex-1931 LC.jpg]]<br />
<br />
'''Image: Simplex timer in aluminum cabinet circa 1931. [Image by LC]'''<br />
<br />
<br />
====Co-oridplex Traffic System====<br />
An interconnected traffic control system with either a dual master switchboard or cabinet controller acting as the master timer while each intersection runs on a local timer connected back to the master with only four wires. <br />
<br />
Can operate as a Simplex controller but designed for the flexible-progressive traffic control method hence the "coordinated" surname. This was designed to have a master controller interconnected to local controllers at each intersection. By adjusting the timing of one intersection or adjusting values of the master controller it was possible to reflect the changes in the streets along that route, allowing a smooth flow and proper intervals to be made years before proper analog computers were in existance! Like the Simplex, these were available in induction disc and synchronous types - the synchronous recommended for more heavy duty traffic applications.<br />
<br />
[[Image:Eagle Co-Ordiplex Local-1931 LC.jpg]]<br />
<br />
'''Image: Co-ordiplex local timer in aluminum cabinet circa 1931. [Image by LC]'''<br />
<br />
<br />
==== Eagle-Senior Controllers ====<br />
These were an early attempt to allow programmability in controllers (as noted previously, most controllers did a forced green-yellow-red with little adjustment between them nor other patterns like left turn arrows, all reds, etc.). With expansion and large intersections in mind they were designed to accomodate 14 circuits and allow 12 timing intervals. They were designed to accomodate flexible-progressive and Co-ordiplex control systems and would operate on a synchronous motor and keep good time so controller interconnection was not necessary. The Senior-Triplex was one of the first three-dial controllers allowing one controller to operate at three different timing patterns.<br />
<br />
<br />
==== Eagle Master Controllers ====<br />
Master controllers were designed to drive the entire flexible progressive system. Their functions were to keep all local controllers in time with each other, adjusting the total cycle time for the system, and finally to serve as an overall signal control - setting nighttime flash mode, emergency street clearance, etc.<br />
<br />
<br />
==== Actuated Controllers ====<br />
Eagle claimed a "liscensed list of an imposing list of patents" for actuated controllers. While they do not go into detail, by 1935 they were incorporating this into their flexible-progressive systems.<br />
<br />
<br />
==== Eagle-Junior Beacon Flashers ====<br />
These were described as small, ball bearing movement flashers. The motors were of induction type with cotton windings. Silver was used for the contact points. "Years of maintenance free operation"<br />
<br />
<br />
====Vario Three-Period Timer====<br />
Designed for three-street intersections with independant "Go" periods for each street once per cycle with "a customary traffic change period" before each change in traffic. The amber period is also independently adjustable. Comes in aluminum cabinet.<br />
<br />
[[Image:Eagle VarioThreePeriod-1931 LC.jpg]]<br />
<br />
'''Image: Vario three-period timer in aluminum cabinet circa 1931. [Image by LC]'''<br />
<br />
<br />
=== Photos Temp ===<br />
==== Co-Ordiplex Demand Controller ====<br />
[[Image:Eagle Co-OrdiplexDemand-1940-1941 LC.jpg]]<br />
<br />
'''Figure: Eagle Co-Ordiplex Demand Controller'''<br />
<br />
<br />
==== ED19 Auto/Man. Induction Type Simplex ====<br />
[[Image:Eagle ED19-1934-1935 LC.jpg]]<br />
<br />
'''Figure: Eagle ED19 automatic and manual induction type Simplex controller circa 1934-1935. [Image by LC]'''<br />
<br />
<br />
==== EH1 Induction Type Master Controller ====<br />
[[Image:Eagle EH1-1934-1935 LC.jpg]]<br />
<br />
'''Figure: EH1 Induction type master controller circa 1934-1935. [Image by LC]'''<br />
<br />
<br />
==== EH4 Duplex Induction Type Master Controller====<br />
[[Image:Eagle EH4-1934-1935 LC.jpg]]<br />
<br />
'''Figure: EH4 Duplex induction type master controller circa 1934-1941. [Image by LC]'''<br />
<br />
<br />
==== EH60 Synchronous Master Controller ====<br />
[[Image:Eagle EH60-1934-1935 LC.jpg]]<br />
[[Image:Eagle EH60-1940-1941 LC.jpg]]<br />
<br />
'''Figure: EH60 Synchronous master controller circa 1934-1941. [Image by LC]'''<br />
<br />
<br />
==== EK41 Auto/Man. Co-ordiplex Controller ====<br />
[[Image:Eagle EK41-1934-1935 LC.jpg]]<br />
<br />
'''Figure: EK41 Automatic and manual co-ordiplex controller circa 1934-1935. [Image by LC]'''<br />
<br />
<br />
==== EK400 TBD ====<br />
[[Image:Eagle EK400-1937 LC.jpg]]<br />
<br />
'''Figure: EK400'''<br />
<br />
<br />
==== EK658 Co-ordiplex Controller ====<br />
[[Image:Eagle EK658-1934-1935 LC.jpg]]<br />
<br />
'''Figure: EK658 shown without covers and removed from cabinet. Circa 1934-1935. [Image by LC]'''<br />
<br />
<br />
==== EKS70 Co-ordiplex controller ====<br />
[[Image:Eagle EKS70-1934-1935 LC.jpg]]<br />
<br />
'''Figure: EKS70 Co-ordiplex controller shown with dial cover open. Circa 1934-1935. [Image by LC]'''<br />
<br />
<br />
==== EKS71 Eagle-Senior Three Dial Controller ====<br />
[[Image:Eagle EKS71-1934-1935 LC.jpg]]<br />
<br />
'''Figure: EKS71 Eagle-Senior three dial controller without mechanisim cover. Circa 1934-1935. [Image by LC]'''<br />
<br />
<br />
==== HT4 Junior Flasher & EL42 Cabinet ====<br />
[[Image:Eagle HT4-1934-1935 LC.jpg]]<br />
<br />
'''Figure: HT4 Eagle-Junior flasher with RFI filter. Cabinet shown is EL42. Circa 1934-1935. [Image by LC]'''<br />
<br />
<br />
==== HT14 TBD ====<br />
[[Image:Eagle HT14-1937 LC.jpg]]<br />
<br />
'''Figure: HT14'''<br />
<br />
<br />
==== LA1 Jack Mounted Relay ====<br />
[[Image:Eagle LA1-1934-1935 LC.jpg]]<br />
<br />
'''Figure: LA1 Jack mouted relay, one of 75 types available. Circa 1934-1935. [Image by LC]'''<br />
<br />
<br />
==== Simplex TBD ====<br />
[[Image:Eagle Simplex-1940-1941 LC.jpg]]<br />
<br />
'''Figure: Simplex'''<br />
<br />
<br />
==== Synchro Simplex TBD ====<br />
[[Image:Eagle Synchro Simplex-1940-1941 LC.jpg]]<br />
<br />
'''Figure: Synchro Simplex'''<br />
<br />
<br />
==== A2 TBD ====<br />
[[Image:Eagle TypeA2-1940-1941 LC.jpg]]<br />
<br />
'''Figure: TypeA2'''<br />
<br />
<br />
==== A TBD ====<br />
[[Image:Eagle TypeA-1940-1941 LC.jpg]]<br />
<br />
'''Figure: TypeA'''<br />
<br />
==== Eagle Programmable Actuated Console (EPAC) ====<br />
<br />
'''EPAC 300 M10 Series'''<br />
<br />
'''EPAC 300 M30 Series'''<br />
<br />
'''EPAC 300 M40 Series'''<br />
<br />
'''EPAC M50 Series'''<br />
<br />
==== Eagle Programmable Interval Console (EPIC) ====<br />
<br />
==== Monitor And Report Console (MARC) ====<br />
<br />
==== Ramp Metering Console (RMC) ====<br />
<br />
== Hardware ==<br />
''this would include any kind of mounting hardware including brackets, slipfitters, hangers, bases, etc. [delete]''<br />
<br />
<br />
== Restored Examples ==<br />
<br />
[[Image:Eagle 43E WHL.jpg]]<br />
<br />
Eagle (Eaglelux) Type 43E with Kopp 27 lenses. (Willis Lamm Collection)<br />
<br />
<br />
[[Image:Eagle_kb63_WHL.jpg]]<br />
<br />
Eagle (Eaglelux) KB63 with two original Adler lenses. (Willis Lamm Collection)<br />
<br />
<br />
[[Image:Eagle_rfb_WHL.jpg]]<br />
<br />
Eagle "rodded flat back" single face signal with Kopp 88a lenses. (Willis Lamm Collection)<br />
<br />
<br />
[[Image:Eagle_fb_WHL.jpg]]<br />
<br />
Eagle "flat back" single face signal with 12 inch red section. (Willis Lamm Collection)<br />
<br />
== Relevant Patents ==<br />
''Patent numbers relevant to this MFR or signals specifically. Not just every patent by company X.''<br />
<br />
<br />
== References ==<br />
Eagle Signal/Danaher Industrial Controls<br />
<br />
ITS Siemens Corporate History<br />
<br />
Business Wire, Jan 9, 1997</div>SchoolcraftSignalhttps://wiki.highwaydivides.com/index.php?title=File:KoppWalkLens_Reverse_Full.JPG&diff=2390File:KoppWalkLens Reverse Full.JPG2016-05-28T19:19:44Z<p>SchoolcraftSignal: The back of a striped Kopp walk lens</p>
<hr />
<div>The back of a striped Kopp walk lens</div>SchoolcraftSignalhttps://wiki.highwaydivides.com/index.php?title=Eagle&diff=2389Eagle2016-05-28T19:18:14Z<p>SchoolcraftSignal: /* Worded */</p>
<hr />
<div>'''Note: This section currently only covers the scope of Eagle Traffic Signals from the first documented signal in 1931 to their modern day evolution into the Siemens ITS conglomerate.'''<br />
<br />
Go Here For [[Essco]], AKA the Eagle Signal and Sign Company.<br />
<br />
Go Here For [[Harrington-Seaberg]].<br />
<br />
== History ==<br />
<br />
[[Image:AMCI-Eagle Logo-LC.jpg]]<br />
<br />
=== Founding years ===<br />
The Eagle Signal and Sign Company appears to have been founded in 1931 coming in right after the first wave of signals and manufacturers in the mid 20's. It's early operation history is still under debate and may have involved contract production for, by or merely distribution partnerships with Harrington-Seaberg and ESSCO.<br />
<br />
=== Middle Ages ===<br />
As Eagle moved through the 1930's and into the 1940's they kept with a narrow product lineup but continued to tweak and upgrade the designs. They remained a market leader competing with Crouse-Hinds, and to a lesser amount Marbelite, for control of midwest America as early competitors like GE and Horni faded away while new companies such as Econolite and A1 signal came onto the scene. Having plugged away for over 25 years with the same basic design, the first generation of flat back models wee introduced in the mid 50's with fully modern adjustable signals quickly followed by 12" signals as Eagle entered the 1960's <br />
<br />
<br />
=== Modern Age ===<br />
As Eagle entered into the modern age of signals they underwent many corporate changes. Moving from their traditional headquarters in Moline, Illinois to a new base of operations in Davenport, Iowa and an acquisition by Gulf & Western started a long period of corporate activity. 1987 Mark IV Industries acquires Eagle Signal (DBA Harrington Seaberg?) and in 1988 consolidates the Mark IV, Automatic Signal, and Eagle brands into Automatic Signal/Eagle Signal. Mark IV moved the company to its current headquarters in Austin, Texas. Name later changed to Eagle Traffic Control Systems. Timer motor division sold in 1992? January 9, 1997 Mark IV Industries, Inc. sold its Automatic Signal/Eagle Signal subsidiary to Siemens Energy & Automation, Inc. The Eagle name was dropped following aquisition to be now known as Siemens ITS.<br />
<br />
In November 2013, Siemens split the product line in two and sold the traffic signal and cabinet manufacturing to Brown Traffic Products of Davenport, Iowa. Siemens ITS retained the controller software and hardware lines, as well as the regional software products. Brown Traffic operates the former Siemens Austin TX facility, and has brought back the original Eagle brand name.<br />
<br />
=== International Operations ===<br />
Some vintage Eagle equipment has been seen, in slightly modified versions of the American designs, in both Australia and Europe.<br />
<br />
=== Part Numbering Systems ===<br />
<br />
The part numbering system for Eagle Signals, especially in the early days, is quite confusing. The general patterns are as follows: <br />
<br />
==== Signals ====<br />
Older rodded signals were identified by a pattern of 1234<br />
<br />
1. Prefix of S or X (for signal presumably), Z for internal flasher, Y for internal controller, Blank for 4-ways. <br />
<br />
2. Number of separate signals in the design, 1-5. Six seemed to imply a stand-alone bare signal. 4-ways with less than 4 had (4-x) blank plates installed. <br />
<br />
3. Number of lenses per signal head...1-4+ <br />
<br />
4. Accessory hardware, <br />
<br />
'''For Four Ways''' <br />
<br />
V-Pedestal <br />
<br />
U-4-way Slipfitter <br />
<br />
EX-Pendant Chain with Bell <br />
<br />
E-Spanwire Hanger <br />
<br />
H-Mast-Arm Hanger (and bottom bell?) <br />
<br />
F-Downlight <br />
<br />
'''For Adjustables''' <br />
<br />
I-Side of pole cluster mount pipes? <br />
<br />
II-Side of pole cluster mount pipes? <br />
<br />
J-Side of pole cluster mount pipes? <br />
<br />
C-Pipe Slipfitter and Finial <br />
<br />
P-Terminal block Housing Base and Finial <br />
<br />
A-Finial Only <br />
<br />
C-Slipfitter with Cluster Pipe Frame <br />
<br />
G-Mast-Arm Hanger <br />
<br />
E-Spanwire Hanger <br />
<br />
[blank]-No Hardware <br />
<br />
Modern signals seem to have been sold more in kit forms and have separate partnumbers for generic signal heads, fittings, etc. <br />
<br />
==== Controllers ====<br />
Many controllers were identified either by name only, or a descriptor instead of a discrete partnumber. Those that do follow a structured numbering system, like signal are from the 30's to mid-century. Controllers carried on the standard scheme longer than signals by a decade or two, however, up until around the 70's. <br />
<br />
Controllers were identified by the pattern of 123<br />
<br />
1. Controller Function or Motor Type, E for Electro-Mechanical, H for Flasher (or induction motor?), L for Relay <br />
<br />
2. Sub-descriptor for Controller Design, Pattern Not Identified. <br />
<br />
Possibly A-E were reserved for controller lights pattern? <br />
<br />
D- <br />
<br />
F- <br />
<br />
K- <br />
<br />
H- <br />
<br />
T- <br />
<br />
3. Model Number, Not believed to be anything more than a name.<br />
<br />
== Traffic Signals ==<br />
<br />
=== Four Ways ===<br />
Eagle produced 4-way signals in one standard body style from their introduction in 1931 as the Eaglelux to the end of production during the flat back signal era in the 50's. Only minor internal differences with the reflectors, as well as removal of the brass ID tag from the base plate, differentiated the age of these signals. The internal changes are further documented in the Adjustables sections for the Eaglelux and flat back (Rodded) 8" signals.<br />
<br />
The Eagle 4-way signal is built from individual sections with four sides riveted together. Each side had provisions for a reflector and related hardware. For less-than-4-ways, a blank door could be installed in place of a lens door - some beacons used this as an alternative location to mount the internal flashing device. One or more sections were stacked as necessary to build the signal, held together by tie rods running through the top and bottom plates. The trim of the bottom plates were especially susceptible to damage, being a cast flat plate with curved edges, both drops and side impacts focused their energy to the edge of the unrelieved curved edge causing chipping and breaking. It should be noted though, that they were an overall sturdy signal for this plate edge breakage rarely caused further damage to the signal.<br />
<br />
==== Eaglelux ====<br />
<br />
Earlier signals used a significantly heavier cast design, most notably as many were equipped with cutaway visors being molded into the door<br />
<br />
==== Rodded Eagle ====<br />
<br />
==== Variants ====<br />
<br />
===== Fire Beacon =====<br />
One unique signal offered was the fire beacon. Equipped with a siren on top, the beacon was intended to be placed outside a firehouse where it would be activated by the crew inside, clearing the road as the equipment roared out of the garage.<br />
<br />
===== Integrated controller =====<br />
When signals were more isolated and most installations were meant to be first time or lifetime, Eagle was one of many manufacturers to offer a controller built into the signal where a town merely had to mount the signal, plug it into the nearest outlet, and have a fully automatic intersection. Both beacon flashers and full RYG signals were offered with controllers built into the base. These signals are easy to spot, having a small latched box protruding below the signal skirt.<br />
<br />
===== 4-Way Photos (Temporary Holding Place) =====<br />
[[Image:Eagle 21ALV-1934-1935 LC.jpg]]<br />
<br />
'''Figure: Pedestal Beacon Model 21ALV'''<br />
<br />
<br />
[[Image:Eagle 23CU-1934-1935 LC.jpg]]<br />
[[Image:Eagle 23CU-1937 LC.jpg]]<br />
<br />
'''Figure: Model 23CU two-way post mount signal.'''<br />
<br />
<br />
[[Image:Eagle 41EX-1934-1935 LC.jpg]]<br />
<br />
'''Figure: Fire Alarm beacon, typically painted red with black accents and a siren, pendant hung via chains. Model 41EX.'''<br />
<br />
<br />
[[Image:Eagle 43E-1934-1935 LC.jpg]]<br />
<br />
'''Figure: Standard three-section Eagle 4-way model 43E for spanwire hanging.'''<br />
<br />
<br />
[[Image:Eagle 43H-1940-1941 LC.jpg]]<br />
<br />
'''Figure: Figure: Model 43H three-section Eagle 4-way with mast arm hanger and bottom downlight? bell? provision.'''<br />
<br />
<br />
[[Image:Eagle Z31F-1937 LC.jpg]]<br />
<br />
'''Figure: Model Z31F'''<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
[[Image:Eagle Y43E-1934-1935 LC.jpg]]<br />
<br />
'''Figure: Model Y43E'''<br />
<br />
=== Adjustables ===<br />
<br />
==== Ornamental Eaglelux Signal - Solid Body ====<br />
The earliest of Eagle Signals, was the Roman Column style of signal. Produced in 1931 and onwards to the mid 30’s, it appeared in Eagle advertisements until approximately 1937. It's exact dates are unknown, the front view is identical to a standard Eaglelux, while the remainder is completely different making positive identifications rather difficult. The signal itself only seems to be called decorative or ornamental in design, however, examples have been found that have Eaglelux ID tags installed. <br />
<br />
In terms of construction, it resembles a Horni or Ruleta of the era. Reflectors are housed in a cast frame assembly, the entirety of which is hinged off the signal door. The body itself is just an empty shell.<br />
<br />
[[Image:Eagle S23II-1934-1935 LC.jpg]]<br />
<br />
'''Figure: Model S23II'''<br />
<br />
<br />
[[Image:Eagle X13J-1934-1935 LC.jpg]]<br />
<br />
'''Figure: Model X13J'''<br />
<br />
==== Eaglelux ====<br />
<br />
Eagle produced adjustable signals in one basic body style from their introduction in 1936[???] as the Eaglelux to the end of production well into in the 50's when the rodded flatback signal was introduced. The signals underwent continuous, miniscule modifications throughout production, the most notable features of which are outlined below.<br />
<br />
===== Logos =====<br />
Blank bodies are found on all tall-fin, and some early models of short-fin. The back of the casting featured a prominent mold insert imprint but was devoid of any manufacturer's indication. The reason behind this is unknown. Later models of the short fin did incorporate the Eagle thunderbird outline with the raised text "Eagle Signal Corp" incorporated onto the figure. It is believed the earlier versions used a climbing script version of the word Signal, with later ones using the same font as the words Eagle and Corp always did, a plain sans-serif font. <br />
<br />
===== Endplates =====<br />
All Eagleluxes were of the tie-rod design, with two end plates holding together the group of common signal sections. The earliest of these plate styles was known informally as the Tall Fin. It was a significant flange, around 1 3/8", on the front face of the signal featuring a gentle, rounded arch shape and adding significant height to the front face of the signal. In later years this was modified down to 3/4" tall to only be a small, Short Fin which kept a similar arch profile but was barely taller that the thickness of the plate it was made to,. The top and bottom plates were interchangeable and only distinguishable because the ID tag went on the bottom. They were built with a inset flange designed to mate with the tapered body housings, the upper part of the signal was narrower and set inside a lip on the endplate while the lower part of the signal was flared out and set outside the endplate lip. This same philosophy also allowed the bodies to stack securely amongst themselves. <br />
<br />
IMG 3105 <br />
<br />
===== ID Tags =====<br />
All tall-fin models came with one or more ID tags installed. Some, if not all, short-fin models also came with an ID tag. There were several variations over the years, and the following is speculative data on when and what order and dates they were used. <br />
<br />
Brass vs. Aluminum tags. The earliest tags were made of brass, with later signals moving to aluminum tags (in the tall fin era). It is possible that in the final years of the tall fins or during the short fins, tags were changed back to brass. [Look at if this was related to WW2] <br />
<br />
This set of tags was from a pre-1942, tall-fin model. Note the two accessory tags, one references the "original" 1924 traffic signal patent 1490567, not owned by Eagle, and the other eludes to Eagle patenting the Eaglelux design when this master patent expires. Signals from 1942 and later feature tag(s) with the 2xxx patent number which are specifically for the design of this signal. <br />
<br />
<br />
These next tags are also tall-fin tags. <br />
<br />
<br />
===== Lens Holders =====<br />
As the Eaglelux was a long serving signal it is quite apparent the design was modified to keep up with the latest trends. The first lenses were held into the signal with four steel quarter-rings that interlocked. A lens to signal body and a lens to ring cork gaskets were apparently used from the start of production, however due to their fragility and short life, most signals are devoid of original gasketing. In later years these two pieces of cork became the modern single wraparound rubber gasket, still secured with the four part ring. The last of the Eagleluxes used conventional lens tabs on the bosses of the original quarter rings.<br />
<br />
===== Acorn Nuts/Tie Rods =====<br />
Some of the earlier tall fin signals used large, ornate brass and steel "acorn nuts" to cap the tie rods, sealed with a lead washer. These are faux nuts, however, not of a standard Imperial wrench size and barely fitting a suitable metric wrench, these were actually formed stampings that appear to have been swaged onto standard steel hex nuts. The remainder, and newer Eaglelux signals used standard high-profile acorn nuts without any fancy stamping or machining assembly required. Split lock washers and lead sealing washers were still in use though.<br />
<br />
===== Screws =====<br />
At some point in the production run, Eagle experimented with that new for 1934 device, the Phillips screw. This appears to be short lived, as only a few Eagleluxes have been seen without slotted screws, and by the time of the rodded flatback slotted screws were again in use. Perhaps this was around 1950 when the patent was revoked and the screw, ubiquitous to the market now, was first available cheaply to the masses.<br />
<br />
===== Visors =====<br />
Both cap and tunnel visors were popular accessories, it is presumable full circles and other variants were available as well. The earliest of visors are believed to have been made of rolled aluminum sheet, with the visor tabs being heavy brass L-brackets with one rivet into the visor and screwed to the signal in a conventional manner. The remaining visors kept to the simpler design of a rolled sheet with a folded up tab to bolt to the signal. Through the years these went through both small, thin tabs with a drilled hole and larger modern type tabs with a slot to allow easier installation and removal.<br />
<br />
===== Hinge Pins =====<br />
Rounded Rivet-Pins were used on some signals, while others a Flat-Headed Pin e.g. "Nail" were used instead.<br />
<br />
===== Odd variations =====<br />
As with most manufacturers of the time, signals were available by special order with modified designs or materials such as steel, cast iron, and bronze. Here, a surviving pair of signals made of steel are pictured. Note the slight modification to the hinge design. <br />
<br />
===== Eaglelux Photos (Temp Holding Place) =====<br />
<br />
[[Image:Eagle 13C-1940-1941 LC.jpg]]<br />
[[Image:Eagle X13C-1934-1935 LC.jpg]]<br />
<br />
'''Figure: Eaglelux signal, Tall Fin, Post Mount with Finial, Model 13C or X13C.'''<br />
<br />
<br />
[[Image:Eagle 13PwUJ15-1934-1935 LC.jpg]]<br />
<br />
'''Figure: Eaglelux 13P signal with UJ15 horizontal side of pole mount hardware.'''<br />
<br />
<br />
[[Image:Eagle KB63-1937 LC.jpg]]<br />
<br />
'''Figure: Model KB63'''<br />
<br />
<br />
[[Image:Eagle S11A-1940-1941 LC.jpg]]<br />
<br />
'''Figure: Model S11A'''<br />
<br />
<br />
[[Image:Eagle S23A-1937 LC.jpg]]<br />
<br />
'''Figure: Model S23A'''<br />
<br />
<br />
[[Image:Eagle S23C-1940-1941 LC.jpg]]<br />
<br />
'''Figure: Model S23C'''<br />
<br />
<br />
[[Image:Eagle S23I-1940-1941 LC.jpg]]<br />
<br />
'''Figure: Model S23I'''<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
[[Image:Eagle S33G-1940-1941 LC.jpg]]<br />
<br />
'''Figure: Model S33G'''<br />
<br />
<br />
[[Image:Eagle S41E-1940-1941 LC.jpg]]<br />
<br />
'''Figure: Model S41E'''<br />
<br />
<br />
[[Image:Eagle SX33C-1934-1935 LC.jpg]]<br />
<br />
'''Figure: Model SX33C'''<br />
<br />
==== Flatback (Rodded) ====<br />
<br />
<br />
==== Flatback 8" and 12" (Conventional Design) ====<br />
The Flatback model was an evolution of the last rodded signals. The casting was shortened slightly and sealed off on both ends to make a conventional sectional signal. At the same time, the reflector assemblies were simplified to a conventional reflector H-frame design and reflector/socket holder. This reduced the material and assembly required from the older style swingout/latching frames and the need to install additional features inside the housing to accomodate them.<br />
<br />
These signals, when introduced, were known as the KB170, for the eight inch version, and the KB380 for the new 12" signal heads. The models were visually identical, with the exception being dual latches on the 12" model.<br />
<br />
==== Alusig ====<br />
<br />
<br />
==== Durasig ====<br />
<br />
<br />
==== MarkIV ====<br />
<br />
== Pedestrian Signals ==<br />
''describe models, variations [delete]''<br />
<br />
=== Vehicle Heads (Round) ===<br />
<br />
=== Vehicle Heads (Square Door Adapters) ===<br />
<br />
=== Pedestrian/Sign Heads (Rectangular) ===<br />
<br />
Early rectangular pedestrian heads were a modification of standard single faced signal heads. A rectangular reflector adapter was fitted to the front of a standard signal body.<br />
<br />
[[Image:Eagle_worded_ped_WHL.jpg]]<br />
<br />
Figure: Eagle worded pedestrian signal.<br />
<br />
<br />
[[Image:Eagle_worded_ped_interior_WHL.jpg]]<br />
<br />
Figure: Interior view.<br />
<br />
== Informational Signals and Signs ==<br />
''describe models, variations [delete]''<br />
''includes "box signs," "case signs," and Ped Heads with special [non-ped] lenses.<br />
<br />
<br />
== Lenses ==<br />
<br />
=== Vehicular === <br />
==== Kopp 27 Diamond ====<br />
Early Eaglelux signals often were equipped with Kopp lettered or non-lettered diamond pattern lenses.<br />
<br />
[[Image:Kopp-27 caution WHL.jpg]]<br />
<br />
Figure: Kopp 27 "diamond pattern" lens with command lettering.<br />
<br />
==== Adler Bar Lenses ====<br />
<br />
Adler bar lenses were optional. They were designed for color blind drivers. Red lens - horizontal bar. Amber lens - diagonal bar. Green lens - vertical bar.<br />
<br />
[[Image:Adler_bar_lens_WHL.jpg]]<br />
<br />
Figure: Adler bar lens.<br />
<br />
==== Kopp 88.1 ====<br />
A rare variant of the 88a was the 88 or 88.1 lens. While visually quite similar to the more ubiquitous version, the 88.1 had more of a vertical brick pattern.<br />
[[File:Kopp88LightYellow Obverse Full.JPG]]<br />
<br />
==== Kopp 88a ====<br />
The majority of Eagle signals have featured this lens. These lenses had a very fine beaded pattern that refracted a bright light. Earlier lenses had Eagle's Stop-Go crossed semaphore flag logo prominently molded in the front. In later versions of the Kopp 88a lenses, the crossed flags were replaced with a spread wing eagle inside a square.<br />
<br />
[[Image:Kopp_88-a_WHL.jpg]]<br />
<br />
Figure: Kopp 88a lens (with stop and go flag logo)<br />
<br />
=== Pedestrian ===<br />
<br />
==== Worded ====<br />
[[File:KoppWordedDontWalk Obverse Full.JPG]]<br />
[[File:KoppDontWalkLens Reverse Full.JPG]]<br />
A less common variation of the walk lens where there is a stripe through the letters instead of the lens being completely black. This came in a white or black stripe. Pictured here is a black stripe that has faded to a gray color from years of use.<br />
[[File:KoppWalkLens Obverse Full.JPG]]<br />
<br />
==== Symbols ====<br />
<br />
=== Special ===<br />
<br />
== Controllers ==<br />
Eagle has manufactured controllers for as long as they have signals. In 1926 they [possibly in the previous company as ESSCO] installed what is claimed to be the first flexible progressive timing system in the loop district of Chicago. By 1931 they were a full line controller company making flexible progressive, limited progressive, coordinated, and isolated controllers.<br />
<br />
Also in the late '20's the famous Co-ordiplex system was developed. This was widely adopted by many of the larger cities from coast to coast entering the 1930's including:<br />
Chicago<br />
L.A.<br />
St. Louis<br />
Spokane & Seattle, WA<br />
Tulsa, OK<br />
New Orleans<br />
Canton, OH<br />
Cambridge, MA<br />
E. Pittsburgh & Bethlehem<br />
Newport, KY<br />
Rochester, NY<br />
Baltimore<br />
<br />
Of special note is their early international reach with both Winnipeg, Manitoba, CAN and Melbourne, AUS using the controllers and in the case of Melbourne at least, Eagle Signals for many years to come.<br />
<br />
Eagle, like most manufacturers, had a few basic cabinet castings over the years, going from small cast metal tombstone style cabinets to larger and more squared off cast aluminum cabinets before the modern stamped and formed stainless steel sheetmetal cabinets to refrigerator sized boxes of today. Each era housed a variety of similar model controllers, the main differences being in functionality and installed accessories. <br />
<br />
=== Early Controllers of the 1930's ===<br />
<br />
==== Fixed Signal Patterns ====<br />
In 1934, with many two-color lights still in service or being installed, Eagle offered the following five fixed controller patterns:<br />
<br />
Three Color Signals<br />
Cycle A - G, GA, R, RA<br />
Cycle B - G, A, R, A<br />
Cycle C - G, GA, R<br />
Cycle D - G, A, R<br />
<br />
Two Color Signals<br />
Cycle E - Red N/S overlaps Red E/W during Change <br />
<br />
====Simplex Traffic Signal Timer====<br />
A name more synonymous with W. S. Darley and timeclocks, the 20's saw Eagle develop the Simplex timer early in traffic signal development. It featured low maintenance, an induction disc drive motor, and heavy contact load ratings. Stop, Go, and the total period are adjustable via sliding scale and dials (Amber-Caution being a byproduct of the red, green and total times). Furnished in both automatic and manual control versions, and in an aluminum weatherproof cabinet.<br />
<br />
The Simplex controller of the 1930's was used for isolated intersections and as the master for a staggered system. The adjustability was for green lights and cycle times (amber was fixed). Contact ratings were 10A per circuit. The dial motors were available in induction disc and Synchronous types. When used with the later, the controller was known as a Synchro-Simplex and was better suited for interconnected operation and was apparently better regulated in timekeeping. These types were reccomended for "intersections within 1000 feet" to allow coordinated movements of traffic. Regardless of motor type, the controller had manual control options and an optional amber flasher.<br />
<br />
[[Image:Eagle Simplex-1931 LC.jpg]]<br />
<br />
'''Image: Simplex timer in aluminum cabinet circa 1931. [Image by LC]'''<br />
<br />
<br />
====Co-oridplex Traffic System====<br />
An interconnected traffic control system with either a dual master switchboard or cabinet controller acting as the master timer while each intersection runs on a local timer connected back to the master with only four wires. <br />
<br />
Can operate as a Simplex controller but designed for the flexible-progressive traffic control method hence the "coordinated" surname. This was designed to have a master controller interconnected to local controllers at each intersection. By adjusting the timing of one intersection or adjusting values of the master controller it was possible to reflect the changes in the streets along that route, allowing a smooth flow and proper intervals to be made years before proper analog computers were in existance! Like the Simplex, these were available in induction disc and synchronous types - the synchronous recommended for more heavy duty traffic applications.<br />
<br />
[[Image:Eagle Co-Ordiplex Local-1931 LC.jpg]]<br />
<br />
'''Image: Co-ordiplex local timer in aluminum cabinet circa 1931. [Image by LC]'''<br />
<br />
<br />
==== Eagle-Senior Controllers ====<br />
These were an early attempt to allow programmability in controllers (as noted previously, most controllers did a forced green-yellow-red with little adjustment between them nor other patterns like left turn arrows, all reds, etc.). With expansion and large intersections in mind they were designed to accomodate 14 circuits and allow 12 timing intervals. They were designed to accomodate flexible-progressive and Co-ordiplex control systems and would operate on a synchronous motor and keep good time so controller interconnection was not necessary. The Senior-Triplex was one of the first three-dial controllers allowing one controller to operate at three different timing patterns.<br />
<br />
<br />
==== Eagle Master Controllers ====<br />
Master controllers were designed to drive the entire flexible progressive system. Their functions were to keep all local controllers in time with each other, adjusting the total cycle time for the system, and finally to serve as an overall signal control - setting nighttime flash mode, emergency street clearance, etc.<br />
<br />
<br />
==== Actuated Controllers ====<br />
Eagle claimed a "liscensed list of an imposing list of patents" for actuated controllers. While they do not go into detail, by 1935 they were incorporating this into their flexible-progressive systems.<br />
<br />
<br />
==== Eagle-Junior Beacon Flashers ====<br />
These were described as small, ball bearing movement flashers. The motors were of induction type with cotton windings. Silver was used for the contact points. "Years of maintenance free operation"<br />
<br />
<br />
====Vario Three-Period Timer====<br />
Designed for three-street intersections with independant "Go" periods for each street once per cycle with "a customary traffic change period" before each change in traffic. The amber period is also independently adjustable. Comes in aluminum cabinet.<br />
<br />
[[Image:Eagle VarioThreePeriod-1931 LC.jpg]]<br />
<br />
'''Image: Vario three-period timer in aluminum cabinet circa 1931. [Image by LC]'''<br />
<br />
<br />
=== Photos Temp ===<br />
==== Co-Ordiplex Demand Controller ====<br />
[[Image:Eagle Co-OrdiplexDemand-1940-1941 LC.jpg]]<br />
<br />
'''Figure: Eagle Co-Ordiplex Demand Controller'''<br />
<br />
<br />
==== ED19 Auto/Man. Induction Type Simplex ====<br />
[[Image:Eagle ED19-1934-1935 LC.jpg]]<br />
<br />
'''Figure: Eagle ED19 automatic and manual induction type Simplex controller circa 1934-1935. [Image by LC]'''<br />
<br />
<br />
==== EH1 Induction Type Master Controller ====<br />
[[Image:Eagle EH1-1934-1935 LC.jpg]]<br />
<br />
'''Figure: EH1 Induction type master controller circa 1934-1935. [Image by LC]'''<br />
<br />
<br />
==== EH4 Duplex Induction Type Master Controller====<br />
[[Image:Eagle EH4-1934-1935 LC.jpg]]<br />
<br />
'''Figure: EH4 Duplex induction type master controller circa 1934-1941. [Image by LC]'''<br />
<br />
<br />
==== EH60 Synchronous Master Controller ====<br />
[[Image:Eagle EH60-1934-1935 LC.jpg]]<br />
[[Image:Eagle EH60-1940-1941 LC.jpg]]<br />
<br />
'''Figure: EH60 Synchronous master controller circa 1934-1941. [Image by LC]'''<br />
<br />
<br />
==== EK41 Auto/Man. Co-ordiplex Controller ====<br />
[[Image:Eagle EK41-1934-1935 LC.jpg]]<br />
<br />
'''Figure: EK41 Automatic and manual co-ordiplex controller circa 1934-1935. [Image by LC]'''<br />
<br />
<br />
==== EK400 TBD ====<br />
[[Image:Eagle EK400-1937 LC.jpg]]<br />
<br />
'''Figure: EK400'''<br />
<br />
<br />
==== EK658 Co-ordiplex Controller ====<br />
[[Image:Eagle EK658-1934-1935 LC.jpg]]<br />
<br />
'''Figure: EK658 shown without covers and removed from cabinet. Circa 1934-1935. [Image by LC]'''<br />
<br />
<br />
==== EKS70 Co-ordiplex controller ====<br />
[[Image:Eagle EKS70-1934-1935 LC.jpg]]<br />
<br />
'''Figure: EKS70 Co-ordiplex controller shown with dial cover open. Circa 1934-1935. [Image by LC]'''<br />
<br />
<br />
==== EKS71 Eagle-Senior Three Dial Controller ====<br />
[[Image:Eagle EKS71-1934-1935 LC.jpg]]<br />
<br />
'''Figure: EKS71 Eagle-Senior three dial controller without mechanisim cover. Circa 1934-1935. [Image by LC]'''<br />
<br />
<br />
==== HT4 Junior Flasher & EL42 Cabinet ====<br />
[[Image:Eagle HT4-1934-1935 LC.jpg]]<br />
<br />
'''Figure: HT4 Eagle-Junior flasher with RFI filter. Cabinet shown is EL42. Circa 1934-1935. [Image by LC]'''<br />
<br />
<br />
==== HT14 TBD ====<br />
[[Image:Eagle HT14-1937 LC.jpg]]<br />
<br />
'''Figure: HT14'''<br />
<br />
<br />
==== LA1 Jack Mounted Relay ====<br />
[[Image:Eagle LA1-1934-1935 LC.jpg]]<br />
<br />
'''Figure: LA1 Jack mouted relay, one of 75 types available. Circa 1934-1935. [Image by LC]'''<br />
<br />
<br />
==== Simplex TBD ====<br />
[[Image:Eagle Simplex-1940-1941 LC.jpg]]<br />
<br />
'''Figure: Simplex'''<br />
<br />
<br />
==== Synchro Simplex TBD ====<br />
[[Image:Eagle Synchro Simplex-1940-1941 LC.jpg]]<br />
<br />
'''Figure: Synchro Simplex'''<br />
<br />
<br />
==== A2 TBD ====<br />
[[Image:Eagle TypeA2-1940-1941 LC.jpg]]<br />
<br />
'''Figure: TypeA2'''<br />
<br />
<br />
==== A TBD ====<br />
[[Image:Eagle TypeA-1940-1941 LC.jpg]]<br />
<br />
'''Figure: TypeA'''<br />
<br />
==== Eagle Programmable Actuated Console (EPAC) ====<br />
<br />
'''EPAC 300 M10 Series'''<br />
<br />
'''EPAC 300 M30 Series'''<br />
<br />
'''EPAC 300 M40 Series'''<br />
<br />
'''EPAC M50 Series'''<br />
<br />
==== Eagle Programmable Interval Console (EPIC) ====<br />
<br />
==== Monitor And Report Console (MARC) ====<br />
<br />
==== Ramp Metering Console (RMC) ====<br />
<br />
== Hardware ==<br />
''this would include any kind of mounting hardware including brackets, slipfitters, hangers, bases, etc. [delete]''<br />
<br />
<br />
== Restored Examples ==<br />
<br />
[[Image:Eagle 43E WHL.jpg]]<br />
<br />
Eagle (Eaglelux) Type 43E with Kopp 27 lenses. (Willis Lamm Collection)<br />
<br />
<br />
[[Image:Eagle_kb63_WHL.jpg]]<br />
<br />
Eagle (Eaglelux) KB63 with two original Adler lenses. (Willis Lamm Collection)<br />
<br />
<br />
[[Image:Eagle_rfb_WHL.jpg]]<br />
<br />
Eagle "rodded flat back" single face signal with Kopp 88a lenses. (Willis Lamm Collection)<br />
<br />
<br />
[[Image:Eagle_fb_WHL.jpg]]<br />
<br />
Eagle "flat back" single face signal with 12 inch red section. (Willis Lamm Collection)<br />
<br />
== Relevant Patents ==<br />
''Patent numbers relevant to this MFR or signals specifically. Not just every patent by company X.''<br />
<br />
<br />
== References ==<br />
Eagle Signal/Danaher Industrial Controls<br />
<br />
ITS Siemens Corporate History<br />
<br />
Business Wire, Jan 9, 1997</div>SchoolcraftSignalhttps://wiki.highwaydivides.com/index.php?title=File:KoppWalkLens_Obverse_Full.JPG&diff=2388File:KoppWalkLens Obverse Full.JPG2016-05-28T19:11:51Z<p>SchoolcraftSignal: The front view of a Kopp Striped walk lens.</p>
<hr />
<div>The front view of a Kopp Striped walk lens.</div>SchoolcraftSignalhttps://wiki.highwaydivides.com/index.php?title=Eagle&diff=2387Eagle2016-05-28T18:52:52Z<p>SchoolcraftSignal: /* Worded */</p>
<hr />
<div>'''Note: This section currently only covers the scope of Eagle Traffic Signals from the first documented signal in 1931 to their modern day evolution into the Siemens ITS conglomerate.'''<br />
<br />
Go Here For [[Essco]], AKA the Eagle Signal and Sign Company.<br />
<br />
Go Here For [[Harrington-Seaberg]].<br />
<br />
== History ==<br />
<br />
[[Image:AMCI-Eagle Logo-LC.jpg]]<br />
<br />
=== Founding years ===<br />
The Eagle Signal and Sign Company appears to have been founded in 1931 coming in right after the first wave of signals and manufacturers in the mid 20's. It's early operation history is still under debate and may have involved contract production for, by or merely distribution partnerships with Harrington-Seaberg and ESSCO.<br />
<br />
=== Middle Ages ===<br />
As Eagle moved through the 1930's and into the 1940's they kept with a narrow product lineup but continued to tweak and upgrade the designs. They remained a market leader competing with Crouse-Hinds, and to a lesser amount Marbelite, for control of midwest America as early competitors like GE and Horni faded away while new companies such as Econolite and A1 signal came onto the scene. Having plugged away for over 25 years with the same basic design, the first generation of flat back models wee introduced in the mid 50's with fully modern adjustable signals quickly followed by 12" signals as Eagle entered the 1960's <br />
<br />
<br />
=== Modern Age ===<br />
As Eagle entered into the modern age of signals they underwent many corporate changes. Moving from their traditional headquarters in Moline, Illinois to a new base of operations in Davenport, Iowa and an acquisition by Gulf & Western started a long period of corporate activity. 1987 Mark IV Industries acquires Eagle Signal (DBA Harrington Seaberg?) and in 1988 consolidates the Mark IV, Automatic Signal, and Eagle brands into Automatic Signal/Eagle Signal. Mark IV moved the company to its current headquarters in Austin, Texas. Name later changed to Eagle Traffic Control Systems. Timer motor division sold in 1992? January 9, 1997 Mark IV Industries, Inc. sold its Automatic Signal/Eagle Signal subsidiary to Siemens Energy & Automation, Inc. The Eagle name was dropped following aquisition to be now known as Siemens ITS.<br />
<br />
In November 2013, Siemens split the product line in two and sold the traffic signal and cabinet manufacturing to Brown Traffic Products of Davenport, Iowa. Siemens ITS retained the controller software and hardware lines, as well as the regional software products. Brown Traffic operates the former Siemens Austin TX facility, and has brought back the original Eagle brand name.<br />
<br />
=== International Operations ===<br />
Some vintage Eagle equipment has been seen, in slightly modified versions of the American designs, in both Australia and Europe.<br />
<br />
=== Part Numbering Systems ===<br />
<br />
The part numbering system for Eagle Signals, especially in the early days, is quite confusing. The general patterns are as follows: <br />
<br />
==== Signals ====<br />
Older rodded signals were identified by a pattern of 1234<br />
<br />
1. Prefix of S or X (for signal presumably), Z for internal flasher, Y for internal controller, Blank for 4-ways. <br />
<br />
2. Number of separate signals in the design, 1-5. Six seemed to imply a stand-alone bare signal. 4-ways with less than 4 had (4-x) blank plates installed. <br />
<br />
3. Number of lenses per signal head...1-4+ <br />
<br />
4. Accessory hardware, <br />
<br />
'''For Four Ways''' <br />
<br />
V-Pedestal <br />
<br />
U-4-way Slipfitter <br />
<br />
EX-Pendant Chain with Bell <br />
<br />
E-Spanwire Hanger <br />
<br />
H-Mast-Arm Hanger (and bottom bell?) <br />
<br />
F-Downlight <br />
<br />
'''For Adjustables''' <br />
<br />
I-Side of pole cluster mount pipes? <br />
<br />
II-Side of pole cluster mount pipes? <br />
<br />
J-Side of pole cluster mount pipes? <br />
<br />
C-Pipe Slipfitter and Finial <br />
<br />
P-Terminal block Housing Base and Finial <br />
<br />
A-Finial Only <br />
<br />
C-Slipfitter with Cluster Pipe Frame <br />
<br />
G-Mast-Arm Hanger <br />
<br />
E-Spanwire Hanger <br />
<br />
[blank]-No Hardware <br />
<br />
Modern signals seem to have been sold more in kit forms and have separate partnumbers for generic signal heads, fittings, etc. <br />
<br />
==== Controllers ====<br />
Many controllers were identified either by name only, or a descriptor instead of a discrete partnumber. Those that do follow a structured numbering system, like signal are from the 30's to mid-century. Controllers carried on the standard scheme longer than signals by a decade or two, however, up until around the 70's. <br />
<br />
Controllers were identified by the pattern of 123<br />
<br />
1. Controller Function or Motor Type, E for Electro-Mechanical, H for Flasher (or induction motor?), L for Relay <br />
<br />
2. Sub-descriptor for Controller Design, Pattern Not Identified. <br />
<br />
Possibly A-E were reserved for controller lights pattern? <br />
<br />
D- <br />
<br />
F- <br />
<br />
K- <br />
<br />
H- <br />
<br />
T- <br />
<br />
3. Model Number, Not believed to be anything more than a name.<br />
<br />
== Traffic Signals ==<br />
<br />
=== Four Ways ===<br />
Eagle produced 4-way signals in one standard body style from their introduction in 1931 as the Eaglelux to the end of production during the flat back signal era in the 50's. Only minor internal differences with the reflectors, as well as removal of the brass ID tag from the base plate, differentiated the age of these signals. The internal changes are further documented in the Adjustables sections for the Eaglelux and flat back (Rodded) 8" signals.<br />
<br />
The Eagle 4-way signal is built from individual sections with four sides riveted together. Each side had provisions for a reflector and related hardware. For less-than-4-ways, a blank door could be installed in place of a lens door - some beacons used this as an alternative location to mount the internal flashing device. One or more sections were stacked as necessary to build the signal, held together by tie rods running through the top and bottom plates. The trim of the bottom plates were especially susceptible to damage, being a cast flat plate with curved edges, both drops and side impacts focused their energy to the edge of the unrelieved curved edge causing chipping and breaking. It should be noted though, that they were an overall sturdy signal for this plate edge breakage rarely caused further damage to the signal.<br />
<br />
==== Eaglelux ====<br />
<br />
Earlier signals used a significantly heavier cast design, most notably as many were equipped with cutaway visors being molded into the door<br />
<br />
==== Rodded Eagle ====<br />
<br />
==== Variants ====<br />
<br />
===== Fire Beacon =====<br />
One unique signal offered was the fire beacon. Equipped with a siren on top, the beacon was intended to be placed outside a firehouse where it would be activated by the crew inside, clearing the road as the equipment roared out of the garage.<br />
<br />
===== Integrated controller =====<br />
When signals were more isolated and most installations were meant to be first time or lifetime, Eagle was one of many manufacturers to offer a controller built into the signal where a town merely had to mount the signal, plug it into the nearest outlet, and have a fully automatic intersection. Both beacon flashers and full RYG signals were offered with controllers built into the base. These signals are easy to spot, having a small latched box protruding below the signal skirt.<br />
<br />
===== 4-Way Photos (Temporary Holding Place) =====<br />
[[Image:Eagle 21ALV-1934-1935 LC.jpg]]<br />
<br />
'''Figure: Pedestal Beacon Model 21ALV'''<br />
<br />
<br />
[[Image:Eagle 23CU-1934-1935 LC.jpg]]<br />
[[Image:Eagle 23CU-1937 LC.jpg]]<br />
<br />
'''Figure: Model 23CU two-way post mount signal.'''<br />
<br />
<br />
[[Image:Eagle 41EX-1934-1935 LC.jpg]]<br />
<br />
'''Figure: Fire Alarm beacon, typically painted red with black accents and a siren, pendant hung via chains. Model 41EX.'''<br />
<br />
<br />
[[Image:Eagle 43E-1934-1935 LC.jpg]]<br />
<br />
'''Figure: Standard three-section Eagle 4-way model 43E for spanwire hanging.'''<br />
<br />
<br />
[[Image:Eagle 43H-1940-1941 LC.jpg]]<br />
<br />
'''Figure: Figure: Model 43H three-section Eagle 4-way with mast arm hanger and bottom downlight? bell? provision.'''<br />
<br />
<br />
[[Image:Eagle Z31F-1937 LC.jpg]]<br />
<br />
'''Figure: Model Z31F'''<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
[[Image:Eagle Y43E-1934-1935 LC.jpg]]<br />
<br />
'''Figure: Model Y43E'''<br />
<br />
=== Adjustables ===<br />
<br />
==== Ornamental Eaglelux Signal - Solid Body ====<br />
The earliest of Eagle Signals, was the Roman Column style of signal. Produced in 1931 and onwards to the mid 30’s, it appeared in Eagle advertisements until approximately 1937. It's exact dates are unknown, the front view is identical to a standard Eaglelux, while the remainder is completely different making positive identifications rather difficult. The signal itself only seems to be called decorative or ornamental in design, however, examples have been found that have Eaglelux ID tags installed. <br />
<br />
In terms of construction, it resembles a Horni or Ruleta of the era. Reflectors are housed in a cast frame assembly, the entirety of which is hinged off the signal door. The body itself is just an empty shell.<br />
<br />
[[Image:Eagle S23II-1934-1935 LC.jpg]]<br />
<br />
'''Figure: Model S23II'''<br />
<br />
<br />
[[Image:Eagle X13J-1934-1935 LC.jpg]]<br />
<br />
'''Figure: Model X13J'''<br />
<br />
==== Eaglelux ====<br />
<br />
Eagle produced adjustable signals in one basic body style from their introduction in 1936[???] as the Eaglelux to the end of production well into in the 50's when the rodded flatback signal was introduced. The signals underwent continuous, miniscule modifications throughout production, the most notable features of which are outlined below.<br />
<br />
===== Logos =====<br />
Blank bodies are found on all tall-fin, and some early models of short-fin. The back of the casting featured a prominent mold insert imprint but was devoid of any manufacturer's indication. The reason behind this is unknown. Later models of the short fin did incorporate the Eagle thunderbird outline with the raised text "Eagle Signal Corp" incorporated onto the figure. It is believed the earlier versions used a climbing script version of the word Signal, with later ones using the same font as the words Eagle and Corp always did, a plain sans-serif font. <br />
<br />
===== Endplates =====<br />
All Eagleluxes were of the tie-rod design, with two end plates holding together the group of common signal sections. The earliest of these plate styles was known informally as the Tall Fin. It was a significant flange, around 1 3/8", on the front face of the signal featuring a gentle, rounded arch shape and adding significant height to the front face of the signal. In later years this was modified down to 3/4" tall to only be a small, Short Fin which kept a similar arch profile but was barely taller that the thickness of the plate it was made to,. The top and bottom plates were interchangeable and only distinguishable because the ID tag went on the bottom. They were built with a inset flange designed to mate with the tapered body housings, the upper part of the signal was narrower and set inside a lip on the endplate while the lower part of the signal was flared out and set outside the endplate lip. This same philosophy also allowed the bodies to stack securely amongst themselves. <br />
<br />
IMG 3105 <br />
<br />
===== ID Tags =====<br />
All tall-fin models came with one or more ID tags installed. Some, if not all, short-fin models also came with an ID tag. There were several variations over the years, and the following is speculative data on when and what order and dates they were used. <br />
<br />
Brass vs. Aluminum tags. The earliest tags were made of brass, with later signals moving to aluminum tags (in the tall fin era). It is possible that in the final years of the tall fins or during the short fins, tags were changed back to brass. [Look at if this was related to WW2] <br />
<br />
This set of tags was from a pre-1942, tall-fin model. Note the two accessory tags, one references the "original" 1924 traffic signal patent 1490567, not owned by Eagle, and the other eludes to Eagle patenting the Eaglelux design when this master patent expires. Signals from 1942 and later feature tag(s) with the 2xxx patent number which are specifically for the design of this signal. <br />
<br />
<br />
These next tags are also tall-fin tags. <br />
<br />
<br />
===== Lens Holders =====<br />
As the Eaglelux was a long serving signal it is quite apparent the design was modified to keep up with the latest trends. The first lenses were held into the signal with four steel quarter-rings that interlocked. A lens to signal body and a lens to ring cork gaskets were apparently used from the start of production, however due to their fragility and short life, most signals are devoid of original gasketing. In later years these two pieces of cork became the modern single wraparound rubber gasket, still secured with the four part ring. The last of the Eagleluxes used conventional lens tabs on the bosses of the original quarter rings.<br />
<br />
===== Acorn Nuts/Tie Rods =====<br />
Some of the earlier tall fin signals used large, ornate brass and steel "acorn nuts" to cap the tie rods, sealed with a lead washer. These are faux nuts, however, not of a standard Imperial wrench size and barely fitting a suitable metric wrench, these were actually formed stampings that appear to have been swaged onto standard steel hex nuts. The remainder, and newer Eaglelux signals used standard high-profile acorn nuts without any fancy stamping or machining assembly required. Split lock washers and lead sealing washers were still in use though.<br />
<br />
===== Screws =====<br />
At some point in the production run, Eagle experimented with that new for 1934 device, the Phillips screw. This appears to be short lived, as only a few Eagleluxes have been seen without slotted screws, and by the time of the rodded flatback slotted screws were again in use. Perhaps this was around 1950 when the patent was revoked and the screw, ubiquitous to the market now, was first available cheaply to the masses.<br />
<br />
===== Visors =====<br />
Both cap and tunnel visors were popular accessories, it is presumable full circles and other variants were available as well. The earliest of visors are believed to have been made of rolled aluminum sheet, with the visor tabs being heavy brass L-brackets with one rivet into the visor and screwed to the signal in a conventional manner. The remaining visors kept to the simpler design of a rolled sheet with a folded up tab to bolt to the signal. Through the years these went through both small, thin tabs with a drilled hole and larger modern type tabs with a slot to allow easier installation and removal.<br />
<br />
===== Hinge Pins =====<br />
Rounded Rivet-Pins were used on some signals, while others a Flat-Headed Pin e.g. "Nail" were used instead.<br />
<br />
===== Odd variations =====<br />
As with most manufacturers of the time, signals were available by special order with modified designs or materials such as steel, cast iron, and bronze. Here, a surviving pair of signals made of steel are pictured. Note the slight modification to the hinge design. <br />
<br />
===== Eaglelux Photos (Temp Holding Place) =====<br />
<br />
[[Image:Eagle 13C-1940-1941 LC.jpg]]<br />
[[Image:Eagle X13C-1934-1935 LC.jpg]]<br />
<br />
'''Figure: Eaglelux signal, Tall Fin, Post Mount with Finial, Model 13C or X13C.'''<br />
<br />
<br />
[[Image:Eagle 13PwUJ15-1934-1935 LC.jpg]]<br />
<br />
'''Figure: Eaglelux 13P signal with UJ15 horizontal side of pole mount hardware.'''<br />
<br />
<br />
[[Image:Eagle KB63-1937 LC.jpg]]<br />
<br />
'''Figure: Model KB63'''<br />
<br />
<br />
[[Image:Eagle S11A-1940-1941 LC.jpg]]<br />
<br />
'''Figure: Model S11A'''<br />
<br />
<br />
[[Image:Eagle S23A-1937 LC.jpg]]<br />
<br />
'''Figure: Model S23A'''<br />
<br />
<br />
[[Image:Eagle S23C-1940-1941 LC.jpg]]<br />
<br />
'''Figure: Model S23C'''<br />
<br />
<br />
[[Image:Eagle S23I-1940-1941 LC.jpg]]<br />
<br />
'''Figure: Model S23I'''<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
[[Image:Eagle S33G-1940-1941 LC.jpg]]<br />
<br />
'''Figure: Model S33G'''<br />
<br />
<br />
[[Image:Eagle S41E-1940-1941 LC.jpg]]<br />
<br />
'''Figure: Model S41E'''<br />
<br />
<br />
[[Image:Eagle SX33C-1934-1935 LC.jpg]]<br />
<br />
'''Figure: Model SX33C'''<br />
<br />
==== Flatback (Rodded) ====<br />
<br />
<br />
==== Flatback 8" and 12" (Conventional Design) ====<br />
The Flatback model was an evolution of the last rodded signals. The casting was shortened slightly and sealed off on both ends to make a conventional sectional signal. At the same time, the reflector assemblies were simplified to a conventional reflector H-frame design and reflector/socket holder. This reduced the material and assembly required from the older style swingout/latching frames and the need to install additional features inside the housing to accomodate them.<br />
<br />
These signals, when introduced, were known as the KB170, for the eight inch version, and the KB380 for the new 12" signal heads. The models were visually identical, with the exception being dual latches on the 12" model.<br />
<br />
==== Alusig ====<br />
<br />
<br />
==== Durasig ====<br />
<br />
<br />
==== MarkIV ====<br />
<br />
== Pedestrian Signals ==<br />
''describe models, variations [delete]''<br />
<br />
=== Vehicle Heads (Round) ===<br />
<br />
=== Vehicle Heads (Square Door Adapters) ===<br />
<br />
=== Pedestrian/Sign Heads (Rectangular) ===<br />
<br />
Early rectangular pedestrian heads were a modification of standard single faced signal heads. A rectangular reflector adapter was fitted to the front of a standard signal body.<br />
<br />
[[Image:Eagle_worded_ped_WHL.jpg]]<br />
<br />
Figure: Eagle worded pedestrian signal.<br />
<br />
<br />
[[Image:Eagle_worded_ped_interior_WHL.jpg]]<br />
<br />
Figure: Interior view.<br />
<br />
== Informational Signals and Signs ==<br />
''describe models, variations [delete]''<br />
''includes "box signs," "case signs," and Ped Heads with special [non-ped] lenses.<br />
<br />
<br />
== Lenses ==<br />
<br />
=== Vehicular === <br />
==== Kopp 27 Diamond ====<br />
Early Eaglelux signals often were equipped with Kopp lettered or non-lettered diamond pattern lenses.<br />
<br />
[[Image:Kopp-27 caution WHL.jpg]]<br />
<br />
Figure: Kopp 27 "diamond pattern" lens with command lettering.<br />
<br />
==== Adler Bar Lenses ====<br />
<br />
Adler bar lenses were optional. They were designed for color blind drivers. Red lens - horizontal bar. Amber lens - diagonal bar. Green lens - vertical bar.<br />
<br />
[[Image:Adler_bar_lens_WHL.jpg]]<br />
<br />
Figure: Adler bar lens.<br />
<br />
==== Kopp 88.1 ====<br />
A rare variant of the 88a was the 88 or 88.1 lens. While visually quite similar to the more ubiquitous version, the 88.1 had more of a vertical brick pattern.<br />
[[File:Kopp88LightYellow Obverse Full.JPG]]<br />
<br />
==== Kopp 88a ====<br />
The majority of Eagle signals have featured this lens. These lenses had a very fine beaded pattern that refracted a bright light. Earlier lenses had Eagle's Stop-Go crossed semaphore flag logo prominently molded in the front. In later versions of the Kopp 88a lenses, the crossed flags were replaced with a spread wing eagle inside a square.<br />
<br />
[[Image:Kopp_88-a_WHL.jpg]]<br />
<br />
Figure: Kopp 88a lens (with stop and go flag logo)<br />
<br />
=== Pedestrian ===<br />
<br />
==== Worded ====<br />
[[File:KoppWordedDontWalk Obverse Full.JPG]]<br />
[[File:KoppDontWalkLens Reverse Full.JPG]]<br />
<br />
==== Symbols ====<br />
<br />
=== Special ===<br />
<br />
== Controllers ==<br />
Eagle has manufactured controllers for as long as they have signals. In 1926 they [possibly in the previous company as ESSCO] installed what is claimed to be the first flexible progressive timing system in the loop district of Chicago. By 1931 they were a full line controller company making flexible progressive, limited progressive, coordinated, and isolated controllers.<br />
<br />
Also in the late '20's the famous Co-ordiplex system was developed. This was widely adopted by many of the larger cities from coast to coast entering the 1930's including:<br />
Chicago<br />
L.A.<br />
St. Louis<br />
Spokane & Seattle, WA<br />
Tulsa, OK<br />
New Orleans<br />
Canton, OH<br />
Cambridge, MA<br />
E. Pittsburgh & Bethlehem<br />
Newport, KY<br />
Rochester, NY<br />
Baltimore<br />
<br />
Of special note is their early international reach with both Winnipeg, Manitoba, CAN and Melbourne, AUS using the controllers and in the case of Melbourne at least, Eagle Signals for many years to come.<br />
<br />
Eagle, like most manufacturers, had a few basic cabinet castings over the years, going from small cast metal tombstone style cabinets to larger and more squared off cast aluminum cabinets before the modern stamped and formed stainless steel sheetmetal cabinets to refrigerator sized boxes of today. Each era housed a variety of similar model controllers, the main differences being in functionality and installed accessories. <br />
<br />
=== Early Controllers of the 1930's ===<br />
<br />
==== Fixed Signal Patterns ====<br />
In 1934, with many two-color lights still in service or being installed, Eagle offered the following five fixed controller patterns:<br />
<br />
Three Color Signals<br />
Cycle A - G, GA, R, RA<br />
Cycle B - G, A, R, A<br />
Cycle C - G, GA, R<br />
Cycle D - G, A, R<br />
<br />
Two Color Signals<br />
Cycle E - Red N/S overlaps Red E/W during Change <br />
<br />
====Simplex Traffic Signal Timer====<br />
A name more synonymous with W. S. Darley and timeclocks, the 20's saw Eagle develop the Simplex timer early in traffic signal development. It featured low maintenance, an induction disc drive motor, and heavy contact load ratings. Stop, Go, and the total period are adjustable via sliding scale and dials (Amber-Caution being a byproduct of the red, green and total times). Furnished in both automatic and manual control versions, and in an aluminum weatherproof cabinet.<br />
<br />
The Simplex controller of the 1930's was used for isolated intersections and as the master for a staggered system. The adjustability was for green lights and cycle times (amber was fixed). Contact ratings were 10A per circuit. The dial motors were available in induction disc and Synchronous types. When used with the later, the controller was known as a Synchro-Simplex and was better suited for interconnected operation and was apparently better regulated in timekeeping. These types were reccomended for "intersections within 1000 feet" to allow coordinated movements of traffic. Regardless of motor type, the controller had manual control options and an optional amber flasher.<br />
<br />
[[Image:Eagle Simplex-1931 LC.jpg]]<br />
<br />
'''Image: Simplex timer in aluminum cabinet circa 1931. [Image by LC]'''<br />
<br />
<br />
====Co-oridplex Traffic System====<br />
An interconnected traffic control system with either a dual master switchboard or cabinet controller acting as the master timer while each intersection runs on a local timer connected back to the master with only four wires. <br />
<br />
Can operate as a Simplex controller but designed for the flexible-progressive traffic control method hence the "coordinated" surname. This was designed to have a master controller interconnected to local controllers at each intersection. By adjusting the timing of one intersection or adjusting values of the master controller it was possible to reflect the changes in the streets along that route, allowing a smooth flow and proper intervals to be made years before proper analog computers were in existance! Like the Simplex, these were available in induction disc and synchronous types - the synchronous recommended for more heavy duty traffic applications.<br />
<br />
[[Image:Eagle Co-Ordiplex Local-1931 LC.jpg]]<br />
<br />
'''Image: Co-ordiplex local timer in aluminum cabinet circa 1931. [Image by LC]'''<br />
<br />
<br />
==== Eagle-Senior Controllers ====<br />
These were an early attempt to allow programmability in controllers (as noted previously, most controllers did a forced green-yellow-red with little adjustment between them nor other patterns like left turn arrows, all reds, etc.). With expansion and large intersections in mind they were designed to accomodate 14 circuits and allow 12 timing intervals. They were designed to accomodate flexible-progressive and Co-ordiplex control systems and would operate on a synchronous motor and keep good time so controller interconnection was not necessary. The Senior-Triplex was one of the first three-dial controllers allowing one controller to operate at three different timing patterns.<br />
<br />
<br />
==== Eagle Master Controllers ====<br />
Master controllers were designed to drive the entire flexible progressive system. Their functions were to keep all local controllers in time with each other, adjusting the total cycle time for the system, and finally to serve as an overall signal control - setting nighttime flash mode, emergency street clearance, etc.<br />
<br />
<br />
==== Actuated Controllers ====<br />
Eagle claimed a "liscensed list of an imposing list of patents" for actuated controllers. While they do not go into detail, by 1935 they were incorporating this into their flexible-progressive systems.<br />
<br />
<br />
==== Eagle-Junior Beacon Flashers ====<br />
These were described as small, ball bearing movement flashers. The motors were of induction type with cotton windings. Silver was used for the contact points. "Years of maintenance free operation"<br />
<br />
<br />
====Vario Three-Period Timer====<br />
Designed for three-street intersections with independant "Go" periods for each street once per cycle with "a customary traffic change period" before each change in traffic. The amber period is also independently adjustable. Comes in aluminum cabinet.<br />
<br />
[[Image:Eagle VarioThreePeriod-1931 LC.jpg]]<br />
<br />
'''Image: Vario three-period timer in aluminum cabinet circa 1931. [Image by LC]'''<br />
<br />
<br />
=== Photos Temp ===<br />
==== Co-Ordiplex Demand Controller ====<br />
[[Image:Eagle Co-OrdiplexDemand-1940-1941 LC.jpg]]<br />
<br />
'''Figure: Eagle Co-Ordiplex Demand Controller'''<br />
<br />
<br />
==== ED19 Auto/Man. Induction Type Simplex ====<br />
[[Image:Eagle ED19-1934-1935 LC.jpg]]<br />
<br />
'''Figure: Eagle ED19 automatic and manual induction type Simplex controller circa 1934-1935. [Image by LC]'''<br />
<br />
<br />
==== EH1 Induction Type Master Controller ====<br />
[[Image:Eagle EH1-1934-1935 LC.jpg]]<br />
<br />
'''Figure: EH1 Induction type master controller circa 1934-1935. [Image by LC]'''<br />
<br />
<br />
==== EH4 Duplex Induction Type Master Controller====<br />
[[Image:Eagle EH4-1934-1935 LC.jpg]]<br />
<br />
'''Figure: EH4 Duplex induction type master controller circa 1934-1941. [Image by LC]'''<br />
<br />
<br />
==== EH60 Synchronous Master Controller ====<br />
[[Image:Eagle EH60-1934-1935 LC.jpg]]<br />
[[Image:Eagle EH60-1940-1941 LC.jpg]]<br />
<br />
'''Figure: EH60 Synchronous master controller circa 1934-1941. [Image by LC]'''<br />
<br />
<br />
==== EK41 Auto/Man. Co-ordiplex Controller ====<br />
[[Image:Eagle EK41-1934-1935 LC.jpg]]<br />
<br />
'''Figure: EK41 Automatic and manual co-ordiplex controller circa 1934-1935. [Image by LC]'''<br />
<br />
<br />
==== EK400 TBD ====<br />
[[Image:Eagle EK400-1937 LC.jpg]]<br />
<br />
'''Figure: EK400'''<br />
<br />
<br />
==== EK658 Co-ordiplex Controller ====<br />
[[Image:Eagle EK658-1934-1935 LC.jpg]]<br />
<br />
'''Figure: EK658 shown without covers and removed from cabinet. Circa 1934-1935. [Image by LC]'''<br />
<br />
<br />
==== EKS70 Co-ordiplex controller ====<br />
[[Image:Eagle EKS70-1934-1935 LC.jpg]]<br />
<br />
'''Figure: EKS70 Co-ordiplex controller shown with dial cover open. Circa 1934-1935. [Image by LC]'''<br />
<br />
<br />
==== EKS71 Eagle-Senior Three Dial Controller ====<br />
[[Image:Eagle EKS71-1934-1935 LC.jpg]]<br />
<br />
'''Figure: EKS71 Eagle-Senior three dial controller without mechanisim cover. Circa 1934-1935. [Image by LC]'''<br />
<br />
<br />
==== HT4 Junior Flasher & EL42 Cabinet ====<br />
[[Image:Eagle HT4-1934-1935 LC.jpg]]<br />
<br />
'''Figure: HT4 Eagle-Junior flasher with RFI filter. Cabinet shown is EL42. Circa 1934-1935. [Image by LC]'''<br />
<br />
<br />
==== HT14 TBD ====<br />
[[Image:Eagle HT14-1937 LC.jpg]]<br />
<br />
'''Figure: HT14'''<br />
<br />
<br />
==== LA1 Jack Mounted Relay ====<br />
[[Image:Eagle LA1-1934-1935 LC.jpg]]<br />
<br />
'''Figure: LA1 Jack mouted relay, one of 75 types available. Circa 1934-1935. [Image by LC]'''<br />
<br />
<br />
==== Simplex TBD ====<br />
[[Image:Eagle Simplex-1940-1941 LC.jpg]]<br />
<br />
'''Figure: Simplex'''<br />
<br />
<br />
==== Synchro Simplex TBD ====<br />
[[Image:Eagle Synchro Simplex-1940-1941 LC.jpg]]<br />
<br />
'''Figure: Synchro Simplex'''<br />
<br />
<br />
==== A2 TBD ====<br />
[[Image:Eagle TypeA2-1940-1941 LC.jpg]]<br />
<br />
'''Figure: TypeA2'''<br />
<br />
<br />
==== A TBD ====<br />
[[Image:Eagle TypeA-1940-1941 LC.jpg]]<br />
<br />
'''Figure: TypeA'''<br />
<br />
==== Eagle Programmable Actuated Console (EPAC) ====<br />
<br />
'''EPAC 300 M10 Series'''<br />
<br />
'''EPAC 300 M30 Series'''<br />
<br />
'''EPAC 300 M40 Series'''<br />
<br />
'''EPAC M50 Series'''<br />
<br />
==== Eagle Programmable Interval Console (EPIC) ====<br />
<br />
==== Monitor And Report Console (MARC) ====<br />
<br />
==== Ramp Metering Console (RMC) ====<br />
<br />
== Hardware ==<br />
''this would include any kind of mounting hardware including brackets, slipfitters, hangers, bases, etc. [delete]''<br />
<br />
<br />
== Restored Examples ==<br />
<br />
[[Image:Eagle 43E WHL.jpg]]<br />
<br />
Eagle (Eaglelux) Type 43E with Kopp 27 lenses. (Willis Lamm Collection)<br />
<br />
<br />
[[Image:Eagle_kb63_WHL.jpg]]<br />
<br />
Eagle (Eaglelux) KB63 with two original Adler lenses. (Willis Lamm Collection)<br />
<br />
<br />
[[Image:Eagle_rfb_WHL.jpg]]<br />
<br />
Eagle "rodded flat back" single face signal with Kopp 88a lenses. (Willis Lamm Collection)<br />
<br />
<br />
[[Image:Eagle_fb_WHL.jpg]]<br />
<br />
Eagle "flat back" single face signal with 12 inch red section. (Willis Lamm Collection)<br />
<br />
== Relevant Patents ==<br />
''Patent numbers relevant to this MFR or signals specifically. Not just every patent by company X.''<br />
<br />
<br />
== References ==<br />
Eagle Signal/Danaher Industrial Controls<br />
<br />
ITS Siemens Corporate History<br />
<br />
Business Wire, Jan 9, 1997</div>SchoolcraftSignalhttps://wiki.highwaydivides.com/index.php?title=File:KoppDontWalkLens_Reverse_Full.JPG&diff=2386File:KoppDontWalkLens Reverse Full.JPG2016-05-28T18:50:20Z<p>SchoolcraftSignal: The Back view of a Kopp Dont Walk lens in a Eagle Flatback Pedestrian Signal</p>
<hr />
<div>The Back view of a Kopp Dont Walk lens in a Eagle Flatback Pedestrian Signal</div>SchoolcraftSignalhttps://wiki.highwaydivides.com/index.php?title=Eagle&diff=2385Eagle2016-05-28T18:45:29Z<p>SchoolcraftSignal: /* Worded */</p>
<hr />
<div>'''Note: This section currently only covers the scope of Eagle Traffic Signals from the first documented signal in 1931 to their modern day evolution into the Siemens ITS conglomerate.'''<br />
<br />
Go Here For [[Essco]], AKA the Eagle Signal and Sign Company.<br />
<br />
Go Here For [[Harrington-Seaberg]].<br />
<br />
== History ==<br />
<br />
[[Image:AMCI-Eagle Logo-LC.jpg]]<br />
<br />
=== Founding years ===<br />
The Eagle Signal and Sign Company appears to have been founded in 1931 coming in right after the first wave of signals and manufacturers in the mid 20's. It's early operation history is still under debate and may have involved contract production for, by or merely distribution partnerships with Harrington-Seaberg and ESSCO.<br />
<br />
=== Middle Ages ===<br />
As Eagle moved through the 1930's and into the 1940's they kept with a narrow product lineup but continued to tweak and upgrade the designs. They remained a market leader competing with Crouse-Hinds, and to a lesser amount Marbelite, for control of midwest America as early competitors like GE and Horni faded away while new companies such as Econolite and A1 signal came onto the scene. Having plugged away for over 25 years with the same basic design, the first generation of flat back models wee introduced in the mid 50's with fully modern adjustable signals quickly followed by 12" signals as Eagle entered the 1960's <br />
<br />
<br />
=== Modern Age ===<br />
As Eagle entered into the modern age of signals they underwent many corporate changes. Moving from their traditional headquarters in Moline, Illinois to a new base of operations in Davenport, Iowa and an acquisition by Gulf & Western started a long period of corporate activity. 1987 Mark IV Industries acquires Eagle Signal (DBA Harrington Seaberg?) and in 1988 consolidates the Mark IV, Automatic Signal, and Eagle brands into Automatic Signal/Eagle Signal. Mark IV moved the company to its current headquarters in Austin, Texas. Name later changed to Eagle Traffic Control Systems. Timer motor division sold in 1992? January 9, 1997 Mark IV Industries, Inc. sold its Automatic Signal/Eagle Signal subsidiary to Siemens Energy & Automation, Inc. The Eagle name was dropped following aquisition to be now known as Siemens ITS.<br />
<br />
In November 2013, Siemens split the product line in two and sold the traffic signal and cabinet manufacturing to Brown Traffic Products of Davenport, Iowa. Siemens ITS retained the controller software and hardware lines, as well as the regional software products. Brown Traffic operates the former Siemens Austin TX facility, and has brought back the original Eagle brand name.<br />
<br />
=== International Operations ===<br />
Some vintage Eagle equipment has been seen, in slightly modified versions of the American designs, in both Australia and Europe.<br />
<br />
=== Part Numbering Systems ===<br />
<br />
The part numbering system for Eagle Signals, especially in the early days, is quite confusing. The general patterns are as follows: <br />
<br />
==== Signals ====<br />
Older rodded signals were identified by a pattern of 1234<br />
<br />
1. Prefix of S or X (for signal presumably), Z for internal flasher, Y for internal controller, Blank for 4-ways. <br />
<br />
2. Number of separate signals in the design, 1-5. Six seemed to imply a stand-alone bare signal. 4-ways with less than 4 had (4-x) blank plates installed. <br />
<br />
3. Number of lenses per signal head...1-4+ <br />
<br />
4. Accessory hardware, <br />
<br />
'''For Four Ways''' <br />
<br />
V-Pedestal <br />
<br />
U-4-way Slipfitter <br />
<br />
EX-Pendant Chain with Bell <br />
<br />
E-Spanwire Hanger <br />
<br />
H-Mast-Arm Hanger (and bottom bell?) <br />
<br />
F-Downlight <br />
<br />
'''For Adjustables''' <br />
<br />
I-Side of pole cluster mount pipes? <br />
<br />
II-Side of pole cluster mount pipes? <br />
<br />
J-Side of pole cluster mount pipes? <br />
<br />
C-Pipe Slipfitter and Finial <br />
<br />
P-Terminal block Housing Base and Finial <br />
<br />
A-Finial Only <br />
<br />
C-Slipfitter with Cluster Pipe Frame <br />
<br />
G-Mast-Arm Hanger <br />
<br />
E-Spanwire Hanger <br />
<br />
[blank]-No Hardware <br />
<br />
Modern signals seem to have been sold more in kit forms and have separate partnumbers for generic signal heads, fittings, etc. <br />
<br />
==== Controllers ====<br />
Many controllers were identified either by name only, or a descriptor instead of a discrete partnumber. Those that do follow a structured numbering system, like signal are from the 30's to mid-century. Controllers carried on the standard scheme longer than signals by a decade or two, however, up until around the 70's. <br />
<br />
Controllers were identified by the pattern of 123<br />
<br />
1. Controller Function or Motor Type, E for Electro-Mechanical, H for Flasher (or induction motor?), L for Relay <br />
<br />
2. Sub-descriptor for Controller Design, Pattern Not Identified. <br />
<br />
Possibly A-E were reserved for controller lights pattern? <br />
<br />
D- <br />
<br />
F- <br />
<br />
K- <br />
<br />
H- <br />
<br />
T- <br />
<br />
3. Model Number, Not believed to be anything more than a name.<br />
<br />
== Traffic Signals ==<br />
<br />
=== Four Ways ===<br />
Eagle produced 4-way signals in one standard body style from their introduction in 1931 as the Eaglelux to the end of production during the flat back signal era in the 50's. Only minor internal differences with the reflectors, as well as removal of the brass ID tag from the base plate, differentiated the age of these signals. The internal changes are further documented in the Adjustables sections for the Eaglelux and flat back (Rodded) 8" signals.<br />
<br />
The Eagle 4-way signal is built from individual sections with four sides riveted together. Each side had provisions for a reflector and related hardware. For less-than-4-ways, a blank door could be installed in place of a lens door - some beacons used this as an alternative location to mount the internal flashing device. One or more sections were stacked as necessary to build the signal, held together by tie rods running through the top and bottom plates. The trim of the bottom plates were especially susceptible to damage, being a cast flat plate with curved edges, both drops and side impacts focused their energy to the edge of the unrelieved curved edge causing chipping and breaking. It should be noted though, that they were an overall sturdy signal for this plate edge breakage rarely caused further damage to the signal.<br />
<br />
==== Eaglelux ====<br />
<br />
Earlier signals used a significantly heavier cast design, most notably as many were equipped with cutaway visors being molded into the door<br />
<br />
==== Rodded Eagle ====<br />
<br />
==== Variants ====<br />
<br />
===== Fire Beacon =====<br />
One unique signal offered was the fire beacon. Equipped with a siren on top, the beacon was intended to be placed outside a firehouse where it would be activated by the crew inside, clearing the road as the equipment roared out of the garage.<br />
<br />
===== Integrated controller =====<br />
When signals were more isolated and most installations were meant to be first time or lifetime, Eagle was one of many manufacturers to offer a controller built into the signal where a town merely had to mount the signal, plug it into the nearest outlet, and have a fully automatic intersection. Both beacon flashers and full RYG signals were offered with controllers built into the base. These signals are easy to spot, having a small latched box protruding below the signal skirt.<br />
<br />
===== 4-Way Photos (Temporary Holding Place) =====<br />
[[Image:Eagle 21ALV-1934-1935 LC.jpg]]<br />
<br />
'''Figure: Pedestal Beacon Model 21ALV'''<br />
<br />
<br />
[[Image:Eagle 23CU-1934-1935 LC.jpg]]<br />
[[Image:Eagle 23CU-1937 LC.jpg]]<br />
<br />
'''Figure: Model 23CU two-way post mount signal.'''<br />
<br />
<br />
[[Image:Eagle 41EX-1934-1935 LC.jpg]]<br />
<br />
'''Figure: Fire Alarm beacon, typically painted red with black accents and a siren, pendant hung via chains. Model 41EX.'''<br />
<br />
<br />
[[Image:Eagle 43E-1934-1935 LC.jpg]]<br />
<br />
'''Figure: Standard three-section Eagle 4-way model 43E for spanwire hanging.'''<br />
<br />
<br />
[[Image:Eagle 43H-1940-1941 LC.jpg]]<br />
<br />
'''Figure: Figure: Model 43H three-section Eagle 4-way with mast arm hanger and bottom downlight? bell? provision.'''<br />
<br />
<br />
[[Image:Eagle Z31F-1937 LC.jpg]]<br />
<br />
'''Figure: Model Z31F'''<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
[[Image:Eagle Y43E-1934-1935 LC.jpg]]<br />
<br />
'''Figure: Model Y43E'''<br />
<br />
=== Adjustables ===<br />
<br />
==== Ornamental Eaglelux Signal - Solid Body ====<br />
The earliest of Eagle Signals, was the Roman Column style of signal. Produced in 1931 and onwards to the mid 30’s, it appeared in Eagle advertisements until approximately 1937. It's exact dates are unknown, the front view is identical to a standard Eaglelux, while the remainder is completely different making positive identifications rather difficult. The signal itself only seems to be called decorative or ornamental in design, however, examples have been found that have Eaglelux ID tags installed. <br />
<br />
In terms of construction, it resembles a Horni or Ruleta of the era. Reflectors are housed in a cast frame assembly, the entirety of which is hinged off the signal door. The body itself is just an empty shell.<br />
<br />
[[Image:Eagle S23II-1934-1935 LC.jpg]]<br />
<br />
'''Figure: Model S23II'''<br />
<br />
<br />
[[Image:Eagle X13J-1934-1935 LC.jpg]]<br />
<br />
'''Figure: Model X13J'''<br />
<br />
==== Eaglelux ====<br />
<br />
Eagle produced adjustable signals in one basic body style from their introduction in 1936[???] as the Eaglelux to the end of production well into in the 50's when the rodded flatback signal was introduced. The signals underwent continuous, miniscule modifications throughout production, the most notable features of which are outlined below.<br />
<br />
===== Logos =====<br />
Blank bodies are found on all tall-fin, and some early models of short-fin. The back of the casting featured a prominent mold insert imprint but was devoid of any manufacturer's indication. The reason behind this is unknown. Later models of the short fin did incorporate the Eagle thunderbird outline with the raised text "Eagle Signal Corp" incorporated onto the figure. It is believed the earlier versions used a climbing script version of the word Signal, with later ones using the same font as the words Eagle and Corp always did, a plain sans-serif font. <br />
<br />
===== Endplates =====<br />
All Eagleluxes were of the tie-rod design, with two end plates holding together the group of common signal sections. The earliest of these plate styles was known informally as the Tall Fin. It was a significant flange, around 1 3/8", on the front face of the signal featuring a gentle, rounded arch shape and adding significant height to the front face of the signal. In later years this was modified down to 3/4" tall to only be a small, Short Fin which kept a similar arch profile but was barely taller that the thickness of the plate it was made to,. The top and bottom plates were interchangeable and only distinguishable because the ID tag went on the bottom. They were built with a inset flange designed to mate with the tapered body housings, the upper part of the signal was narrower and set inside a lip on the endplate while the lower part of the signal was flared out and set outside the endplate lip. This same philosophy also allowed the bodies to stack securely amongst themselves. <br />
<br />
IMG 3105 <br />
<br />
===== ID Tags =====<br />
All tall-fin models came with one or more ID tags installed. Some, if not all, short-fin models also came with an ID tag. There were several variations over the years, and the following is speculative data on when and what order and dates they were used. <br />
<br />
Brass vs. Aluminum tags. The earliest tags were made of brass, with later signals moving to aluminum tags (in the tall fin era). It is possible that in the final years of the tall fins or during the short fins, tags were changed back to brass. [Look at if this was related to WW2] <br />
<br />
This set of tags was from a pre-1942, tall-fin model. Note the two accessory tags, one references the "original" 1924 traffic signal patent 1490567, not owned by Eagle, and the other eludes to Eagle patenting the Eaglelux design when this master patent expires. Signals from 1942 and later feature tag(s) with the 2xxx patent number which are specifically for the design of this signal. <br />
<br />
<br />
These next tags are also tall-fin tags. <br />
<br />
<br />
===== Lens Holders =====<br />
As the Eaglelux was a long serving signal it is quite apparent the design was modified to keep up with the latest trends. The first lenses were held into the signal with four steel quarter-rings that interlocked. A lens to signal body and a lens to ring cork gaskets were apparently used from the start of production, however due to their fragility and short life, most signals are devoid of original gasketing. In later years these two pieces of cork became the modern single wraparound rubber gasket, still secured with the four part ring. The last of the Eagleluxes used conventional lens tabs on the bosses of the original quarter rings.<br />
<br />
===== Acorn Nuts/Tie Rods =====<br />
Some of the earlier tall fin signals used large, ornate brass and steel "acorn nuts" to cap the tie rods, sealed with a lead washer. These are faux nuts, however, not of a standard Imperial wrench size and barely fitting a suitable metric wrench, these were actually formed stampings that appear to have been swaged onto standard steel hex nuts. The remainder, and newer Eaglelux signals used standard high-profile acorn nuts without any fancy stamping or machining assembly required. Split lock washers and lead sealing washers were still in use though.<br />
<br />
===== Screws =====<br />
At some point in the production run, Eagle experimented with that new for 1934 device, the Phillips screw. This appears to be short lived, as only a few Eagleluxes have been seen without slotted screws, and by the time of the rodded flatback slotted screws were again in use. Perhaps this was around 1950 when the patent was revoked and the screw, ubiquitous to the market now, was first available cheaply to the masses.<br />
<br />
===== Visors =====<br />
Both cap and tunnel visors were popular accessories, it is presumable full circles and other variants were available as well. The earliest of visors are believed to have been made of rolled aluminum sheet, with the visor tabs being heavy brass L-brackets with one rivet into the visor and screwed to the signal in a conventional manner. The remaining visors kept to the simpler design of a rolled sheet with a folded up tab to bolt to the signal. Through the years these went through both small, thin tabs with a drilled hole and larger modern type tabs with a slot to allow easier installation and removal.<br />
<br />
===== Hinge Pins =====<br />
Rounded Rivet-Pins were used on some signals, while others a Flat-Headed Pin e.g. "Nail" were used instead.<br />
<br />
===== Odd variations =====<br />
As with most manufacturers of the time, signals were available by special order with modified designs or materials such as steel, cast iron, and bronze. Here, a surviving pair of signals made of steel are pictured. Note the slight modification to the hinge design. <br />
<br />
===== Eaglelux Photos (Temp Holding Place) =====<br />
<br />
[[Image:Eagle 13C-1940-1941 LC.jpg]]<br />
[[Image:Eagle X13C-1934-1935 LC.jpg]]<br />
<br />
'''Figure: Eaglelux signal, Tall Fin, Post Mount with Finial, Model 13C or X13C.'''<br />
<br />
<br />
[[Image:Eagle 13PwUJ15-1934-1935 LC.jpg]]<br />
<br />
'''Figure: Eaglelux 13P signal with UJ15 horizontal side of pole mount hardware.'''<br />
<br />
<br />
[[Image:Eagle KB63-1937 LC.jpg]]<br />
<br />
'''Figure: Model KB63'''<br />
<br />
<br />
[[Image:Eagle S11A-1940-1941 LC.jpg]]<br />
<br />
'''Figure: Model S11A'''<br />
<br />
<br />
[[Image:Eagle S23A-1937 LC.jpg]]<br />
<br />
'''Figure: Model S23A'''<br />
<br />
<br />
[[Image:Eagle S23C-1940-1941 LC.jpg]]<br />
<br />
'''Figure: Model S23C'''<br />
<br />
<br />
[[Image:Eagle S23I-1940-1941 LC.jpg]]<br />
<br />
'''Figure: Model S23I'''<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
[[Image:Eagle S33G-1940-1941 LC.jpg]]<br />
<br />
'''Figure: Model S33G'''<br />
<br />
<br />
[[Image:Eagle S41E-1940-1941 LC.jpg]]<br />
<br />
'''Figure: Model S41E'''<br />
<br />
<br />
[[Image:Eagle SX33C-1934-1935 LC.jpg]]<br />
<br />
'''Figure: Model SX33C'''<br />
<br />
==== Flatback (Rodded) ====<br />
<br />
<br />
==== Flatback 8" and 12" (Conventional Design) ====<br />
The Flatback model was an evolution of the last rodded signals. The casting was shortened slightly and sealed off on both ends to make a conventional sectional signal. At the same time, the reflector assemblies were simplified to a conventional reflector H-frame design and reflector/socket holder. This reduced the material and assembly required from the older style swingout/latching frames and the need to install additional features inside the housing to accomodate them.<br />
<br />
These signals, when introduced, were known as the KB170, for the eight inch version, and the KB380 for the new 12" signal heads. The models were visually identical, with the exception being dual latches on the 12" model.<br />
<br />
==== Alusig ====<br />
<br />
<br />
==== Durasig ====<br />
<br />
<br />
==== MarkIV ====<br />
<br />
== Pedestrian Signals ==<br />
''describe models, variations [delete]''<br />
<br />
=== Vehicle Heads (Round) ===<br />
<br />
=== Vehicle Heads (Square Door Adapters) ===<br />
<br />
=== Pedestrian/Sign Heads (Rectangular) ===<br />
<br />
Early rectangular pedestrian heads were a modification of standard single faced signal heads. A rectangular reflector adapter was fitted to the front of a standard signal body.<br />
<br />
[[Image:Eagle_worded_ped_WHL.jpg]]<br />
<br />
Figure: Eagle worded pedestrian signal.<br />
<br />
<br />
[[Image:Eagle_worded_ped_interior_WHL.jpg]]<br />
<br />
Figure: Interior view.<br />
<br />
== Informational Signals and Signs ==<br />
''describe models, variations [delete]''<br />
''includes "box signs," "case signs," and Ped Heads with special [non-ped] lenses.<br />
<br />
<br />
== Lenses ==<br />
<br />
=== Vehicular === <br />
==== Kopp 27 Diamond ====<br />
Early Eaglelux signals often were equipped with Kopp lettered or non-lettered diamond pattern lenses.<br />
<br />
[[Image:Kopp-27 caution WHL.jpg]]<br />
<br />
Figure: Kopp 27 "diamond pattern" lens with command lettering.<br />
<br />
==== Adler Bar Lenses ====<br />
<br />
Adler bar lenses were optional. They were designed for color blind drivers. Red lens - horizontal bar. Amber lens - diagonal bar. Green lens - vertical bar.<br />
<br />
[[Image:Adler_bar_lens_WHL.jpg]]<br />
<br />
Figure: Adler bar lens.<br />
<br />
==== Kopp 88.1 ====<br />
A rare variant of the 88a was the 88 or 88.1 lens. While visually quite similar to the more ubiquitous version, the 88.1 had more of a vertical brick pattern.<br />
[[File:Kopp88LightYellow Obverse Full.JPG]]<br />
<br />
==== Kopp 88a ====<br />
The majority of Eagle signals have featured this lens. These lenses had a very fine beaded pattern that refracted a bright light. Earlier lenses had Eagle's Stop-Go crossed semaphore flag logo prominently molded in the front. In later versions of the Kopp 88a lenses, the crossed flags were replaced with a spread wing eagle inside a square.<br />
<br />
[[Image:Kopp_88-a_WHL.jpg]]<br />
<br />
Figure: Kopp 88a lens (with stop and go flag logo)<br />
<br />
=== Pedestrian ===<br />
<br />
==== Worded ====<br />
[[File:KoppWordedDontWalk Obverse Full.JPG]]<br />
<br />
==== Symbols ====<br />
<br />
=== Special ===<br />
<br />
== Controllers ==<br />
Eagle has manufactured controllers for as long as they have signals. In 1926 they [possibly in the previous company as ESSCO] installed what is claimed to be the first flexible progressive timing system in the loop district of Chicago. By 1931 they were a full line controller company making flexible progressive, limited progressive, coordinated, and isolated controllers.<br />
<br />
Also in the late '20's the famous Co-ordiplex system was developed. This was widely adopted by many of the larger cities from coast to coast entering the 1930's including:<br />
Chicago<br />
L.A.<br />
St. Louis<br />
Spokane & Seattle, WA<br />
Tulsa, OK<br />
New Orleans<br />
Canton, OH<br />
Cambridge, MA<br />
E. Pittsburgh & Bethlehem<br />
Newport, KY<br />
Rochester, NY<br />
Baltimore<br />
<br />
Of special note is their early international reach with both Winnipeg, Manitoba, CAN and Melbourne, AUS using the controllers and in the case of Melbourne at least, Eagle Signals for many years to come.<br />
<br />
Eagle, like most manufacturers, had a few basic cabinet castings over the years, going from small cast metal tombstone style cabinets to larger and more squared off cast aluminum cabinets before the modern stamped and formed stainless steel sheetmetal cabinets to refrigerator sized boxes of today. Each era housed a variety of similar model controllers, the main differences being in functionality and installed accessories. <br />
<br />
=== Early Controllers of the 1930's ===<br />
<br />
==== Fixed Signal Patterns ====<br />
In 1934, with many two-color lights still in service or being installed, Eagle offered the following five fixed controller patterns:<br />
<br />
Three Color Signals<br />
Cycle A - G, GA, R, RA<br />
Cycle B - G, A, R, A<br />
Cycle C - G, GA, R<br />
Cycle D - G, A, R<br />
<br />
Two Color Signals<br />
Cycle E - Red N/S overlaps Red E/W during Change <br />
<br />
====Simplex Traffic Signal Timer====<br />
A name more synonymous with W. S. Darley and timeclocks, the 20's saw Eagle develop the Simplex timer early in traffic signal development. It featured low maintenance, an induction disc drive motor, and heavy contact load ratings. Stop, Go, and the total period are adjustable via sliding scale and dials (Amber-Caution being a byproduct of the red, green and total times). Furnished in both automatic and manual control versions, and in an aluminum weatherproof cabinet.<br />
<br />
The Simplex controller of the 1930's was used for isolated intersections and as the master for a staggered system. The adjustability was for green lights and cycle times (amber was fixed). Contact ratings were 10A per circuit. The dial motors were available in induction disc and Synchronous types. When used with the later, the controller was known as a Synchro-Simplex and was better suited for interconnected operation and was apparently better regulated in timekeeping. These types were reccomended for "intersections within 1000 feet" to allow coordinated movements of traffic. Regardless of motor type, the controller had manual control options and an optional amber flasher.<br />
<br />
[[Image:Eagle Simplex-1931 LC.jpg]]<br />
<br />
'''Image: Simplex timer in aluminum cabinet circa 1931. [Image by LC]'''<br />
<br />
<br />
====Co-oridplex Traffic System====<br />
An interconnected traffic control system with either a dual master switchboard or cabinet controller acting as the master timer while each intersection runs on a local timer connected back to the master with only four wires. <br />
<br />
Can operate as a Simplex controller but designed for the flexible-progressive traffic control method hence the "coordinated" surname. This was designed to have a master controller interconnected to local controllers at each intersection. By adjusting the timing of one intersection or adjusting values of the master controller it was possible to reflect the changes in the streets along that route, allowing a smooth flow and proper intervals to be made years before proper analog computers were in existance! Like the Simplex, these were available in induction disc and synchronous types - the synchronous recommended for more heavy duty traffic applications.<br />
<br />
[[Image:Eagle Co-Ordiplex Local-1931 LC.jpg]]<br />
<br />
'''Image: Co-ordiplex local timer in aluminum cabinet circa 1931. [Image by LC]'''<br />
<br />
<br />
==== Eagle-Senior Controllers ====<br />
These were an early attempt to allow programmability in controllers (as noted previously, most controllers did a forced green-yellow-red with little adjustment between them nor other patterns like left turn arrows, all reds, etc.). With expansion and large intersections in mind they were designed to accomodate 14 circuits and allow 12 timing intervals. They were designed to accomodate flexible-progressive and Co-ordiplex control systems and would operate on a synchronous motor and keep good time so controller interconnection was not necessary. The Senior-Triplex was one of the first three-dial controllers allowing one controller to operate at three different timing patterns.<br />
<br />
<br />
==== Eagle Master Controllers ====<br />
Master controllers were designed to drive the entire flexible progressive system. Their functions were to keep all local controllers in time with each other, adjusting the total cycle time for the system, and finally to serve as an overall signal control - setting nighttime flash mode, emergency street clearance, etc.<br />
<br />
<br />
==== Actuated Controllers ====<br />
Eagle claimed a "liscensed list of an imposing list of patents" for actuated controllers. While they do not go into detail, by 1935 they were incorporating this into their flexible-progressive systems.<br />
<br />
<br />
==== Eagle-Junior Beacon Flashers ====<br />
These were described as small, ball bearing movement flashers. The motors were of induction type with cotton windings. Silver was used for the contact points. "Years of maintenance free operation"<br />
<br />
<br />
====Vario Three-Period Timer====<br />
Designed for three-street intersections with independant "Go" periods for each street once per cycle with "a customary traffic change period" before each change in traffic. The amber period is also independently adjustable. Comes in aluminum cabinet.<br />
<br />
[[Image:Eagle VarioThreePeriod-1931 LC.jpg]]<br />
<br />
'''Image: Vario three-period timer in aluminum cabinet circa 1931. [Image by LC]'''<br />
<br />
<br />
=== Photos Temp ===<br />
==== Co-Ordiplex Demand Controller ====<br />
[[Image:Eagle Co-OrdiplexDemand-1940-1941 LC.jpg]]<br />
<br />
'''Figure: Eagle Co-Ordiplex Demand Controller'''<br />
<br />
<br />
==== ED19 Auto/Man. Induction Type Simplex ====<br />
[[Image:Eagle ED19-1934-1935 LC.jpg]]<br />
<br />
'''Figure: Eagle ED19 automatic and manual induction type Simplex controller circa 1934-1935. [Image by LC]'''<br />
<br />
<br />
==== EH1 Induction Type Master Controller ====<br />
[[Image:Eagle EH1-1934-1935 LC.jpg]]<br />
<br />
'''Figure: EH1 Induction type master controller circa 1934-1935. [Image by LC]'''<br />
<br />
<br />
==== EH4 Duplex Induction Type Master Controller====<br />
[[Image:Eagle EH4-1934-1935 LC.jpg]]<br />
<br />
'''Figure: EH4 Duplex induction type master controller circa 1934-1941. [Image by LC]'''<br />
<br />
<br />
==== EH60 Synchronous Master Controller ====<br />
[[Image:Eagle EH60-1934-1935 LC.jpg]]<br />
[[Image:Eagle EH60-1940-1941 LC.jpg]]<br />
<br />
'''Figure: EH60 Synchronous master controller circa 1934-1941. [Image by LC]'''<br />
<br />
<br />
==== EK41 Auto/Man. Co-ordiplex Controller ====<br />
[[Image:Eagle EK41-1934-1935 LC.jpg]]<br />
<br />
'''Figure: EK41 Automatic and manual co-ordiplex controller circa 1934-1935. [Image by LC]'''<br />
<br />
<br />
==== EK400 TBD ====<br />
[[Image:Eagle EK400-1937 LC.jpg]]<br />
<br />
'''Figure: EK400'''<br />
<br />
<br />
==== EK658 Co-ordiplex Controller ====<br />
[[Image:Eagle EK658-1934-1935 LC.jpg]]<br />
<br />
'''Figure: EK658 shown without covers and removed from cabinet. Circa 1934-1935. [Image by LC]'''<br />
<br />
<br />
==== EKS70 Co-ordiplex controller ====<br />
[[Image:Eagle EKS70-1934-1935 LC.jpg]]<br />
<br />
'''Figure: EKS70 Co-ordiplex controller shown with dial cover open. Circa 1934-1935. [Image by LC]'''<br />
<br />
<br />
==== EKS71 Eagle-Senior Three Dial Controller ====<br />
[[Image:Eagle EKS71-1934-1935 LC.jpg]]<br />
<br />
'''Figure: EKS71 Eagle-Senior three dial controller without mechanisim cover. Circa 1934-1935. [Image by LC]'''<br />
<br />
<br />
==== HT4 Junior Flasher & EL42 Cabinet ====<br />
[[Image:Eagle HT4-1934-1935 LC.jpg]]<br />
<br />
'''Figure: HT4 Eagle-Junior flasher with RFI filter. Cabinet shown is EL42. Circa 1934-1935. [Image by LC]'''<br />
<br />
<br />
==== HT14 TBD ====<br />
[[Image:Eagle HT14-1937 LC.jpg]]<br />
<br />
'''Figure: HT14'''<br />
<br />
<br />
==== LA1 Jack Mounted Relay ====<br />
[[Image:Eagle LA1-1934-1935 LC.jpg]]<br />
<br />
'''Figure: LA1 Jack mouted relay, one of 75 types available. Circa 1934-1935. [Image by LC]'''<br />
<br />
<br />
==== Simplex TBD ====<br />
[[Image:Eagle Simplex-1940-1941 LC.jpg]]<br />
<br />
'''Figure: Simplex'''<br />
<br />
<br />
==== Synchro Simplex TBD ====<br />
[[Image:Eagle Synchro Simplex-1940-1941 LC.jpg]]<br />
<br />
'''Figure: Synchro Simplex'''<br />
<br />
<br />
==== A2 TBD ====<br />
[[Image:Eagle TypeA2-1940-1941 LC.jpg]]<br />
<br />
'''Figure: TypeA2'''<br />
<br />
<br />
==== A TBD ====<br />
[[Image:Eagle TypeA-1940-1941 LC.jpg]]<br />
<br />
'''Figure: TypeA'''<br />
<br />
==== Eagle Programmable Actuated Console (EPAC) ====<br />
<br />
'''EPAC 300 M10 Series'''<br />
<br />
'''EPAC 300 M30 Series'''<br />
<br />
'''EPAC 300 M40 Series'''<br />
<br />
'''EPAC M50 Series'''<br />
<br />
==== Eagle Programmable Interval Console (EPIC) ====<br />
<br />
==== Monitor And Report Console (MARC) ====<br />
<br />
==== Ramp Metering Console (RMC) ====<br />
<br />
== Hardware ==<br />
''this would include any kind of mounting hardware including brackets, slipfitters, hangers, bases, etc. [delete]''<br />
<br />
<br />
== Restored Examples ==<br />
<br />
[[Image:Eagle 43E WHL.jpg]]<br />
<br />
Eagle (Eaglelux) Type 43E with Kopp 27 lenses. (Willis Lamm Collection)<br />
<br />
<br />
[[Image:Eagle_kb63_WHL.jpg]]<br />
<br />
Eagle (Eaglelux) KB63 with two original Adler lenses. (Willis Lamm Collection)<br />
<br />
<br />
[[Image:Eagle_rfb_WHL.jpg]]<br />
<br />
Eagle "rodded flat back" single face signal with Kopp 88a lenses. (Willis Lamm Collection)<br />
<br />
<br />
[[Image:Eagle_fb_WHL.jpg]]<br />
<br />
Eagle "flat back" single face signal with 12 inch red section. (Willis Lamm Collection)<br />
<br />
== Relevant Patents ==<br />
''Patent numbers relevant to this MFR or signals specifically. Not just every patent by company X.''<br />
<br />
<br />
== References ==<br />
Eagle Signal/Danaher Industrial Controls<br />
<br />
ITS Siemens Corporate History<br />
<br />
Business Wire, Jan 9, 1997</div>SchoolcraftSignalhttps://wiki.highwaydivides.com/index.php?title=File:KoppWordedDontWalk_Obverse_Full.JPG&diff=2384File:KoppWordedDontWalk Obverse Full.JPG2016-05-28T18:40:22Z<p>SchoolcraftSignal: The front view of a Kopp Dont Walk lens in an Eagle Flatback pedestrian signal</p>
<hr />
<div>The front view of a Kopp Dont Walk lens in an Eagle Flatback pedestrian signal</div>SchoolcraftSignalhttps://wiki.highwaydivides.com/index.php?title=Eagle&diff=2383Eagle2016-05-28T18:22:54Z<p>SchoolcraftSignal: /* Lenses */</p>
<hr />
<div>'''Note: This section currently only covers the scope of Eagle Traffic Signals from the first documented signal in 1931 to their modern day evolution into the Siemens ITS conglomerate.'''<br />
<br />
Go Here For [[Essco]], AKA the Eagle Signal and Sign Company.<br />
<br />
Go Here For [[Harrington-Seaberg]].<br />
<br />
== History ==<br />
<br />
[[Image:AMCI-Eagle Logo-LC.jpg]]<br />
<br />
=== Founding years ===<br />
The Eagle Signal and Sign Company appears to have been founded in 1931 coming in right after the first wave of signals and manufacturers in the mid 20's. It's early operation history is still under debate and may have involved contract production for, by or merely distribution partnerships with Harrington-Seaberg and ESSCO.<br />
<br />
=== Middle Ages ===<br />
As Eagle moved through the 1930's and into the 1940's they kept with a narrow product lineup but continued to tweak and upgrade the designs. They remained a market leader competing with Crouse-Hinds, and to a lesser amount Marbelite, for control of midwest America as early competitors like GE and Horni faded away while new companies such as Econolite and A1 signal came onto the scene. Having plugged away for over 25 years with the same basic design, the first generation of flat back models wee introduced in the mid 50's with fully modern adjustable signals quickly followed by 12" signals as Eagle entered the 1960's <br />
<br />
<br />
=== Modern Age ===<br />
As Eagle entered into the modern age of signals they underwent many corporate changes. Moving from their traditional headquarters in Moline, Illinois to a new base of operations in Davenport, Iowa and an acquisition by Gulf & Western started a long period of corporate activity. 1987 Mark IV Industries acquires Eagle Signal (DBA Harrington Seaberg?) and in 1988 consolidates the Mark IV, Automatic Signal, and Eagle brands into Automatic Signal/Eagle Signal. Mark IV moved the company to its current headquarters in Austin, Texas. Name later changed to Eagle Traffic Control Systems. Timer motor division sold in 1992? January 9, 1997 Mark IV Industries, Inc. sold its Automatic Signal/Eagle Signal subsidiary to Siemens Energy & Automation, Inc. The Eagle name was dropped following aquisition to be now known as Siemens ITS.<br />
<br />
In November 2013, Siemens split the product line in two and sold the traffic signal and cabinet manufacturing to Brown Traffic Products of Davenport, Iowa. Siemens ITS retained the controller software and hardware lines, as well as the regional software products. Brown Traffic operates the former Siemens Austin TX facility, and has brought back the original Eagle brand name.<br />
<br />
=== International Operations ===<br />
Some vintage Eagle equipment has been seen, in slightly modified versions of the American designs, in both Australia and Europe.<br />
<br />
=== Part Numbering Systems ===<br />
<br />
The part numbering system for Eagle Signals, especially in the early days, is quite confusing. The general patterns are as follows: <br />
<br />
==== Signals ====<br />
Older rodded signals were identified by a pattern of 1234<br />
<br />
1. Prefix of S or X (for signal presumably), Z for internal flasher, Y for internal controller, Blank for 4-ways. <br />
<br />
2. Number of separate signals in the design, 1-5. Six seemed to imply a stand-alone bare signal. 4-ways with less than 4 had (4-x) blank plates installed. <br />
<br />
3. Number of lenses per signal head...1-4+ <br />
<br />
4. Accessory hardware, <br />
<br />
'''For Four Ways''' <br />
<br />
V-Pedestal <br />
<br />
U-4-way Slipfitter <br />
<br />
EX-Pendant Chain with Bell <br />
<br />
E-Spanwire Hanger <br />
<br />
H-Mast-Arm Hanger (and bottom bell?) <br />
<br />
F-Downlight <br />
<br />
'''For Adjustables''' <br />
<br />
I-Side of pole cluster mount pipes? <br />
<br />
II-Side of pole cluster mount pipes? <br />
<br />
J-Side of pole cluster mount pipes? <br />
<br />
C-Pipe Slipfitter and Finial <br />
<br />
P-Terminal block Housing Base and Finial <br />
<br />
A-Finial Only <br />
<br />
C-Slipfitter with Cluster Pipe Frame <br />
<br />
G-Mast-Arm Hanger <br />
<br />
E-Spanwire Hanger <br />
<br />
[blank]-No Hardware <br />
<br />
Modern signals seem to have been sold more in kit forms and have separate partnumbers for generic signal heads, fittings, etc. <br />
<br />
==== Controllers ====<br />
Many controllers were identified either by name only, or a descriptor instead of a discrete partnumber. Those that do follow a structured numbering system, like signal are from the 30's to mid-century. Controllers carried on the standard scheme longer than signals by a decade or two, however, up until around the 70's. <br />
<br />
Controllers were identified by the pattern of 123<br />
<br />
1. Controller Function or Motor Type, E for Electro-Mechanical, H for Flasher (or induction motor?), L for Relay <br />
<br />
2. Sub-descriptor for Controller Design, Pattern Not Identified. <br />
<br />
Possibly A-E were reserved for controller lights pattern? <br />
<br />
D- <br />
<br />
F- <br />
<br />
K- <br />
<br />
H- <br />
<br />
T- <br />
<br />
3. Model Number, Not believed to be anything more than a name.<br />
<br />
== Traffic Signals ==<br />
<br />
=== Four Ways ===<br />
Eagle produced 4-way signals in one standard body style from their introduction in 1931 as the Eaglelux to the end of production during the flat back signal era in the 50's. Only minor internal differences with the reflectors, as well as removal of the brass ID tag from the base plate, differentiated the age of these signals. The internal changes are further documented in the Adjustables sections for the Eaglelux and flat back (Rodded) 8" signals.<br />
<br />
The Eagle 4-way signal is built from individual sections with four sides riveted together. Each side had provisions for a reflector and related hardware. For less-than-4-ways, a blank door could be installed in place of a lens door - some beacons used this as an alternative location to mount the internal flashing device. One or more sections were stacked as necessary to build the signal, held together by tie rods running through the top and bottom plates. The trim of the bottom plates were especially susceptible to damage, being a cast flat plate with curved edges, both drops and side impacts focused their energy to the edge of the unrelieved curved edge causing chipping and breaking. It should be noted though, that they were an overall sturdy signal for this plate edge breakage rarely caused further damage to the signal.<br />
<br />
==== Eaglelux ====<br />
<br />
Earlier signals used a significantly heavier cast design, most notably as many were equipped with cutaway visors being molded into the door<br />
<br />
==== Rodded Eagle ====<br />
<br />
==== Variants ====<br />
<br />
===== Fire Beacon =====<br />
One unique signal offered was the fire beacon. Equipped with a siren on top, the beacon was intended to be placed outside a firehouse where it would be activated by the crew inside, clearing the road as the equipment roared out of the garage.<br />
<br />
===== Integrated controller =====<br />
When signals were more isolated and most installations were meant to be first time or lifetime, Eagle was one of many manufacturers to offer a controller built into the signal where a town merely had to mount the signal, plug it into the nearest outlet, and have a fully automatic intersection. Both beacon flashers and full RYG signals were offered with controllers built into the base. These signals are easy to spot, having a small latched box protruding below the signal skirt.<br />
<br />
===== 4-Way Photos (Temporary Holding Place) =====<br />
[[Image:Eagle 21ALV-1934-1935 LC.jpg]]<br />
<br />
'''Figure: Pedestal Beacon Model 21ALV'''<br />
<br />
<br />
[[Image:Eagle 23CU-1934-1935 LC.jpg]]<br />
[[Image:Eagle 23CU-1937 LC.jpg]]<br />
<br />
'''Figure: Model 23CU two-way post mount signal.'''<br />
<br />
<br />
[[Image:Eagle 41EX-1934-1935 LC.jpg]]<br />
<br />
'''Figure: Fire Alarm beacon, typically painted red with black accents and a siren, pendant hung via chains. Model 41EX.'''<br />
<br />
<br />
[[Image:Eagle 43E-1934-1935 LC.jpg]]<br />
<br />
'''Figure: Standard three-section Eagle 4-way model 43E for spanwire hanging.'''<br />
<br />
<br />
[[Image:Eagle 43H-1940-1941 LC.jpg]]<br />
<br />
'''Figure: Figure: Model 43H three-section Eagle 4-way with mast arm hanger and bottom downlight? bell? provision.'''<br />
<br />
<br />
[[Image:Eagle Z31F-1937 LC.jpg]]<br />
<br />
'''Figure: Model Z31F'''<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
[[Image:Eagle Y43E-1934-1935 LC.jpg]]<br />
<br />
'''Figure: Model Y43E'''<br />
<br />
=== Adjustables ===<br />
<br />
==== Ornamental Eaglelux Signal - Solid Body ====<br />
The earliest of Eagle Signals, was the Roman Column style of signal. Produced in 1931 and onwards to the mid 30’s, it appeared in Eagle advertisements until approximately 1937. It's exact dates are unknown, the front view is identical to a standard Eaglelux, while the remainder is completely different making positive identifications rather difficult. The signal itself only seems to be called decorative or ornamental in design, however, examples have been found that have Eaglelux ID tags installed. <br />
<br />
In terms of construction, it resembles a Horni or Ruleta of the era. Reflectors are housed in a cast frame assembly, the entirety of which is hinged off the signal door. The body itself is just an empty shell.<br />
<br />
[[Image:Eagle S23II-1934-1935 LC.jpg]]<br />
<br />
'''Figure: Model S23II'''<br />
<br />
<br />
[[Image:Eagle X13J-1934-1935 LC.jpg]]<br />
<br />
'''Figure: Model X13J'''<br />
<br />
==== Eaglelux ====<br />
<br />
Eagle produced adjustable signals in one basic body style from their introduction in 1936[???] as the Eaglelux to the end of production well into in the 50's when the rodded flatback signal was introduced. The signals underwent continuous, miniscule modifications throughout production, the most notable features of which are outlined below.<br />
<br />
===== Logos =====<br />
Blank bodies are found on all tall-fin, and some early models of short-fin. The back of the casting featured a prominent mold insert imprint but was devoid of any manufacturer's indication. The reason behind this is unknown. Later models of the short fin did incorporate the Eagle thunderbird outline with the raised text "Eagle Signal Corp" incorporated onto the figure. It is believed the earlier versions used a climbing script version of the word Signal, with later ones using the same font as the words Eagle and Corp always did, a plain sans-serif font. <br />
<br />
===== Endplates =====<br />
All Eagleluxes were of the tie-rod design, with two end plates holding together the group of common signal sections. The earliest of these plate styles was known informally as the Tall Fin. It was a significant flange, around 1 3/8", on the front face of the signal featuring a gentle, rounded arch shape and adding significant height to the front face of the signal. In later years this was modified down to 3/4" tall to only be a small, Short Fin which kept a similar arch profile but was barely taller that the thickness of the plate it was made to,. The top and bottom plates were interchangeable and only distinguishable because the ID tag went on the bottom. They were built with a inset flange designed to mate with the tapered body housings, the upper part of the signal was narrower and set inside a lip on the endplate while the lower part of the signal was flared out and set outside the endplate lip. This same philosophy also allowed the bodies to stack securely amongst themselves. <br />
<br />
IMG 3105 <br />
<br />
===== ID Tags =====<br />
All tall-fin models came with one or more ID tags installed. Some, if not all, short-fin models also came with an ID tag. There were several variations over the years, and the following is speculative data on when and what order and dates they were used. <br />
<br />
Brass vs. Aluminum tags. The earliest tags were made of brass, with later signals moving to aluminum tags (in the tall fin era). It is possible that in the final years of the tall fins or during the short fins, tags were changed back to brass. [Look at if this was related to WW2] <br />
<br />
This set of tags was from a pre-1942, tall-fin model. Note the two accessory tags, one references the "original" 1924 traffic signal patent 1490567, not owned by Eagle, and the other eludes to Eagle patenting the Eaglelux design when this master patent expires. Signals from 1942 and later feature tag(s) with the 2xxx patent number which are specifically for the design of this signal. <br />
<br />
<br />
These next tags are also tall-fin tags. <br />
<br />
<br />
===== Lens Holders =====<br />
As the Eaglelux was a long serving signal it is quite apparent the design was modified to keep up with the latest trends. The first lenses were held into the signal with four steel quarter-rings that interlocked. A lens to signal body and a lens to ring cork gaskets were apparently used from the start of production, however due to their fragility and short life, most signals are devoid of original gasketing. In later years these two pieces of cork became the modern single wraparound rubber gasket, still secured with the four part ring. The last of the Eagleluxes used conventional lens tabs on the bosses of the original quarter rings.<br />
<br />
===== Acorn Nuts/Tie Rods =====<br />
Some of the earlier tall fin signals used large, ornate brass and steel "acorn nuts" to cap the tie rods, sealed with a lead washer. These are faux nuts, however, not of a standard Imperial wrench size and barely fitting a suitable metric wrench, these were actually formed stampings that appear to have been swaged onto standard steel hex nuts. The remainder, and newer Eaglelux signals used standard high-profile acorn nuts without any fancy stamping or machining assembly required. Split lock washers and lead sealing washers were still in use though.<br />
<br />
===== Screws =====<br />
At some point in the production run, Eagle experimented with that new for 1934 device, the Phillips screw. This appears to be short lived, as only a few Eagleluxes have been seen without slotted screws, and by the time of the rodded flatback slotted screws were again in use. Perhaps this was around 1950 when the patent was revoked and the screw, ubiquitous to the market now, was first available cheaply to the masses.<br />
<br />
===== Visors =====<br />
Both cap and tunnel visors were popular accessories, it is presumable full circles and other variants were available as well. The earliest of visors are believed to have been made of rolled aluminum sheet, with the visor tabs being heavy brass L-brackets with one rivet into the visor and screwed to the signal in a conventional manner. The remaining visors kept to the simpler design of a rolled sheet with a folded up tab to bolt to the signal. Through the years these went through both small, thin tabs with a drilled hole and larger modern type tabs with a slot to allow easier installation and removal.<br />
<br />
===== Hinge Pins =====<br />
Rounded Rivet-Pins were used on some signals, while others a Flat-Headed Pin e.g. "Nail" were used instead.<br />
<br />
===== Odd variations =====<br />
As with most manufacturers of the time, signals were available by special order with modified designs or materials such as steel, cast iron, and bronze. Here, a surviving pair of signals made of steel are pictured. Note the slight modification to the hinge design. <br />
<br />
===== Eaglelux Photos (Temp Holding Place) =====<br />
<br />
[[Image:Eagle 13C-1940-1941 LC.jpg]]<br />
[[Image:Eagle X13C-1934-1935 LC.jpg]]<br />
<br />
'''Figure: Eaglelux signal, Tall Fin, Post Mount with Finial, Model 13C or X13C.'''<br />
<br />
<br />
[[Image:Eagle 13PwUJ15-1934-1935 LC.jpg]]<br />
<br />
'''Figure: Eaglelux 13P signal with UJ15 horizontal side of pole mount hardware.'''<br />
<br />
<br />
[[Image:Eagle KB63-1937 LC.jpg]]<br />
<br />
'''Figure: Model KB63'''<br />
<br />
<br />
[[Image:Eagle S11A-1940-1941 LC.jpg]]<br />
<br />
'''Figure: Model S11A'''<br />
<br />
<br />
[[Image:Eagle S23A-1937 LC.jpg]]<br />
<br />
'''Figure: Model S23A'''<br />
<br />
<br />
[[Image:Eagle S23C-1940-1941 LC.jpg]]<br />
<br />
'''Figure: Model S23C'''<br />
<br />
<br />
[[Image:Eagle S23I-1940-1941 LC.jpg]]<br />
<br />
'''Figure: Model S23I'''<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
[[Image:Eagle S33G-1940-1941 LC.jpg]]<br />
<br />
'''Figure: Model S33G'''<br />
<br />
<br />
[[Image:Eagle S41E-1940-1941 LC.jpg]]<br />
<br />
'''Figure: Model S41E'''<br />
<br />
<br />
[[Image:Eagle SX33C-1934-1935 LC.jpg]]<br />
<br />
'''Figure: Model SX33C'''<br />
<br />
==== Flatback (Rodded) ====<br />
<br />
<br />
==== Flatback 8" and 12" (Conventional Design) ====<br />
The Flatback model was an evolution of the last rodded signals. The casting was shortened slightly and sealed off on both ends to make a conventional sectional signal. At the same time, the reflector assemblies were simplified to a conventional reflector H-frame design and reflector/socket holder. This reduced the material and assembly required from the older style swingout/latching frames and the need to install additional features inside the housing to accomodate them.<br />
<br />
These signals, when introduced, were known as the KB170, for the eight inch version, and the KB380 for the new 12" signal heads. The models were visually identical, with the exception being dual latches on the 12" model.<br />
<br />
==== Alusig ====<br />
<br />
<br />
==== Durasig ====<br />
<br />
<br />
==== MarkIV ====<br />
<br />
== Pedestrian Signals ==<br />
''describe models, variations [delete]''<br />
<br />
=== Vehicle Heads (Round) ===<br />
<br />
=== Vehicle Heads (Square Door Adapters) ===<br />
<br />
=== Pedestrian/Sign Heads (Rectangular) ===<br />
<br />
Early rectangular pedestrian heads were a modification of standard single faced signal heads. A rectangular reflector adapter was fitted to the front of a standard signal body.<br />
<br />
[[Image:Eagle_worded_ped_WHL.jpg]]<br />
<br />
Figure: Eagle worded pedestrian signal.<br />
<br />
<br />
[[Image:Eagle_worded_ped_interior_WHL.jpg]]<br />
<br />
Figure: Interior view.<br />
<br />
== Informational Signals and Signs ==<br />
''describe models, variations [delete]''<br />
''includes "box signs," "case signs," and Ped Heads with special [non-ped] lenses.<br />
<br />
<br />
== Lenses ==<br />
<br />
=== Vehicular === <br />
==== Kopp 27 Diamond ====<br />
Early Eaglelux signals often were equipped with Kopp lettered or non-lettered diamond pattern lenses.<br />
<br />
[[Image:Kopp-27 caution WHL.jpg]]<br />
<br />
Figure: Kopp 27 "diamond pattern" lens with command lettering.<br />
<br />
==== Adler Bar Lenses ====<br />
<br />
Adler bar lenses were optional. They were designed for color blind drivers. Red lens - horizontal bar. Amber lens - diagonal bar. Green lens - vertical bar.<br />
<br />
[[Image:Adler_bar_lens_WHL.jpg]]<br />
<br />
Figure: Adler bar lens.<br />
<br />
==== Kopp 88.1 ====<br />
A rare variant of the 88a was the 88 or 88.1 lens. While visually quite similar to the more ubiquitous version, the 88.1 had more of a vertical brick pattern.<br />
[[File:Kopp88LightYellow Obverse Full.JPG]]<br />
<br />
==== Kopp 88a ====<br />
The majority of Eagle signals have featured this lens. These lenses had a very fine beaded pattern that refracted a bright light. Earlier lenses had Eagle's Stop-Go crossed semaphore flag logo prominently molded in the front. In later versions of the Kopp 88a lenses, the crossed flags were replaced with a spread wing eagle inside a square.<br />
<br />
[[Image:Kopp_88-a_WHL.jpg]]<br />
<br />
Figure: Kopp 88a lens (with stop and go flag logo)<br />
<br />
=== Pedestrian ===<br />
<br />
==== Worded ====<br />
<br />
==== Symbols ====<br />
<br />
=== Special ===<br />
<br />
== Controllers ==<br />
Eagle has manufactured controllers for as long as they have signals. In 1926 they [possibly in the previous company as ESSCO] installed what is claimed to be the first flexible progressive timing system in the loop district of Chicago. By 1931 they were a full line controller company making flexible progressive, limited progressive, coordinated, and isolated controllers.<br />
<br />
Also in the late '20's the famous Co-ordiplex system was developed. This was widely adopted by many of the larger cities from coast to coast entering the 1930's including:<br />
Chicago<br />
L.A.<br />
St. Louis<br />
Spokane & Seattle, WA<br />
Tulsa, OK<br />
New Orleans<br />
Canton, OH<br />
Cambridge, MA<br />
E. Pittsburgh & Bethlehem<br />
Newport, KY<br />
Rochester, NY<br />
Baltimore<br />
<br />
Of special note is their early international reach with both Winnipeg, Manitoba, CAN and Melbourne, AUS using the controllers and in the case of Melbourne at least, Eagle Signals for many years to come.<br />
<br />
Eagle, like most manufacturers, had a few basic cabinet castings over the years, going from small cast metal tombstone style cabinets to larger and more squared off cast aluminum cabinets before the modern stamped and formed stainless steel sheetmetal cabinets to refrigerator sized boxes of today. Each era housed a variety of similar model controllers, the main differences being in functionality and installed accessories. <br />
<br />
=== Early Controllers of the 1930's ===<br />
<br />
==== Fixed Signal Patterns ====<br />
In 1934, with many two-color lights still in service or being installed, Eagle offered the following five fixed controller patterns:<br />
<br />
Three Color Signals<br />
Cycle A - G, GA, R, RA<br />
Cycle B - G, A, R, A<br />
Cycle C - G, GA, R<br />
Cycle D - G, A, R<br />
<br />
Two Color Signals<br />
Cycle E - Red N/S overlaps Red E/W during Change <br />
<br />
====Simplex Traffic Signal Timer====<br />
A name more synonymous with W. S. Darley and timeclocks, the 20's saw Eagle develop the Simplex timer early in traffic signal development. It featured low maintenance, an induction disc drive motor, and heavy contact load ratings. Stop, Go, and the total period are adjustable via sliding scale and dials (Amber-Caution being a byproduct of the red, green and total times). Furnished in both automatic and manual control versions, and in an aluminum weatherproof cabinet.<br />
<br />
The Simplex controller of the 1930's was used for isolated intersections and as the master for a staggered system. The adjustability was for green lights and cycle times (amber was fixed). Contact ratings were 10A per circuit. The dial motors were available in induction disc and Synchronous types. When used with the later, the controller was known as a Synchro-Simplex and was better suited for interconnected operation and was apparently better regulated in timekeeping. These types were reccomended for "intersections within 1000 feet" to allow coordinated movements of traffic. Regardless of motor type, the controller had manual control options and an optional amber flasher.<br />
<br />
[[Image:Eagle Simplex-1931 LC.jpg]]<br />
<br />
'''Image: Simplex timer in aluminum cabinet circa 1931. [Image by LC]'''<br />
<br />
<br />
====Co-oridplex Traffic System====<br />
An interconnected traffic control system with either a dual master switchboard or cabinet controller acting as the master timer while each intersection runs on a local timer connected back to the master with only four wires. <br />
<br />
Can operate as a Simplex controller but designed for the flexible-progressive traffic control method hence the "coordinated" surname. This was designed to have a master controller interconnected to local controllers at each intersection. By adjusting the timing of one intersection or adjusting values of the master controller it was possible to reflect the changes in the streets along that route, allowing a smooth flow and proper intervals to be made years before proper analog computers were in existance! Like the Simplex, these were available in induction disc and synchronous types - the synchronous recommended for more heavy duty traffic applications.<br />
<br />
[[Image:Eagle Co-Ordiplex Local-1931 LC.jpg]]<br />
<br />
'''Image: Co-ordiplex local timer in aluminum cabinet circa 1931. [Image by LC]'''<br />
<br />
<br />
==== Eagle-Senior Controllers ====<br />
These were an early attempt to allow programmability in controllers (as noted previously, most controllers did a forced green-yellow-red with little adjustment between them nor other patterns like left turn arrows, all reds, etc.). With expansion and large intersections in mind they were designed to accomodate 14 circuits and allow 12 timing intervals. They were designed to accomodate flexible-progressive and Co-ordiplex control systems and would operate on a synchronous motor and keep good time so controller interconnection was not necessary. The Senior-Triplex was one of the first three-dial controllers allowing one controller to operate at three different timing patterns.<br />
<br />
<br />
==== Eagle Master Controllers ====<br />
Master controllers were designed to drive the entire flexible progressive system. Their functions were to keep all local controllers in time with each other, adjusting the total cycle time for the system, and finally to serve as an overall signal control - setting nighttime flash mode, emergency street clearance, etc.<br />
<br />
<br />
==== Actuated Controllers ====<br />
Eagle claimed a "liscensed list of an imposing list of patents" for actuated controllers. While they do not go into detail, by 1935 they were incorporating this into their flexible-progressive systems.<br />
<br />
<br />
==== Eagle-Junior Beacon Flashers ====<br />
These were described as small, ball bearing movement flashers. The motors were of induction type with cotton windings. Silver was used for the contact points. "Years of maintenance free operation"<br />
<br />
<br />
====Vario Three-Period Timer====<br />
Designed for three-street intersections with independant "Go" periods for each street once per cycle with "a customary traffic change period" before each change in traffic. The amber period is also independently adjustable. Comes in aluminum cabinet.<br />
<br />
[[Image:Eagle VarioThreePeriod-1931 LC.jpg]]<br />
<br />
'''Image: Vario three-period timer in aluminum cabinet circa 1931. [Image by LC]'''<br />
<br />
<br />
=== Photos Temp ===<br />
==== Co-Ordiplex Demand Controller ====<br />
[[Image:Eagle Co-OrdiplexDemand-1940-1941 LC.jpg]]<br />
<br />
'''Figure: Eagle Co-Ordiplex Demand Controller'''<br />
<br />
<br />
==== ED19 Auto/Man. Induction Type Simplex ====<br />
[[Image:Eagle ED19-1934-1935 LC.jpg]]<br />
<br />
'''Figure: Eagle ED19 automatic and manual induction type Simplex controller circa 1934-1935. [Image by LC]'''<br />
<br />
<br />
==== EH1 Induction Type Master Controller ====<br />
[[Image:Eagle EH1-1934-1935 LC.jpg]]<br />
<br />
'''Figure: EH1 Induction type master controller circa 1934-1935. [Image by LC]'''<br />
<br />
<br />
==== EH4 Duplex Induction Type Master Controller====<br />
[[Image:Eagle EH4-1934-1935 LC.jpg]]<br />
<br />
'''Figure: EH4 Duplex induction type master controller circa 1934-1941. [Image by LC]'''<br />
<br />
<br />
==== EH60 Synchronous Master Controller ====<br />
[[Image:Eagle EH60-1934-1935 LC.jpg]]<br />
[[Image:Eagle EH60-1940-1941 LC.jpg]]<br />
<br />
'''Figure: EH60 Synchronous master controller circa 1934-1941. [Image by LC]'''<br />
<br />
<br />
==== EK41 Auto/Man. Co-ordiplex Controller ====<br />
[[Image:Eagle EK41-1934-1935 LC.jpg]]<br />
<br />
'''Figure: EK41 Automatic and manual co-ordiplex controller circa 1934-1935. [Image by LC]'''<br />
<br />
<br />
==== EK400 TBD ====<br />
[[Image:Eagle EK400-1937 LC.jpg]]<br />
<br />
'''Figure: EK400'''<br />
<br />
<br />
==== EK658 Co-ordiplex Controller ====<br />
[[Image:Eagle EK658-1934-1935 LC.jpg]]<br />
<br />
'''Figure: EK658 shown without covers and removed from cabinet. Circa 1934-1935. [Image by LC]'''<br />
<br />
<br />
==== EKS70 Co-ordiplex controller ====<br />
[[Image:Eagle EKS70-1934-1935 LC.jpg]]<br />
<br />
'''Figure: EKS70 Co-ordiplex controller shown with dial cover open. Circa 1934-1935. [Image by LC]'''<br />
<br />
<br />
==== EKS71 Eagle-Senior Three Dial Controller ====<br />
[[Image:Eagle EKS71-1934-1935 LC.jpg]]<br />
<br />
'''Figure: EKS71 Eagle-Senior three dial controller without mechanisim cover. Circa 1934-1935. [Image by LC]'''<br />
<br />
<br />
==== HT4 Junior Flasher & EL42 Cabinet ====<br />
[[Image:Eagle HT4-1934-1935 LC.jpg]]<br />
<br />
'''Figure: HT4 Eagle-Junior flasher with RFI filter. Cabinet shown is EL42. Circa 1934-1935. [Image by LC]'''<br />
<br />
<br />
==== HT14 TBD ====<br />
[[Image:Eagle HT14-1937 LC.jpg]]<br />
<br />
'''Figure: HT14'''<br />
<br />
<br />
==== LA1 Jack Mounted Relay ====<br />
[[Image:Eagle LA1-1934-1935 LC.jpg]]<br />
<br />
'''Figure: LA1 Jack mouted relay, one of 75 types available. Circa 1934-1935. [Image by LC]'''<br />
<br />
<br />
==== Simplex TBD ====<br />
[[Image:Eagle Simplex-1940-1941 LC.jpg]]<br />
<br />
'''Figure: Simplex'''<br />
<br />
<br />
==== Synchro Simplex TBD ====<br />
[[Image:Eagle Synchro Simplex-1940-1941 LC.jpg]]<br />
<br />
'''Figure: Synchro Simplex'''<br />
<br />
<br />
==== A2 TBD ====<br />
[[Image:Eagle TypeA2-1940-1941 LC.jpg]]<br />
<br />
'''Figure: TypeA2'''<br />
<br />
<br />
==== A TBD ====<br />
[[Image:Eagle TypeA-1940-1941 LC.jpg]]<br />
<br />
'''Figure: TypeA'''<br />
<br />
==== Eagle Programmable Actuated Console (EPAC) ====<br />
<br />
'''EPAC 300 M10 Series'''<br />
<br />
'''EPAC 300 M30 Series'''<br />
<br />
'''EPAC 300 M40 Series'''<br />
<br />
'''EPAC M50 Series'''<br />
<br />
==== Eagle Programmable Interval Console (EPIC) ====<br />
<br />
==== Monitor And Report Console (MARC) ====<br />
<br />
==== Ramp Metering Console (RMC) ====<br />
<br />
== Hardware ==<br />
''this would include any kind of mounting hardware including brackets, slipfitters, hangers, bases, etc. [delete]''<br />
<br />
<br />
== Restored Examples ==<br />
<br />
[[Image:Eagle 43E WHL.jpg]]<br />
<br />
Eagle (Eaglelux) Type 43E with Kopp 27 lenses. (Willis Lamm Collection)<br />
<br />
<br />
[[Image:Eagle_kb63_WHL.jpg]]<br />
<br />
Eagle (Eaglelux) KB63 with two original Adler lenses. (Willis Lamm Collection)<br />
<br />
<br />
[[Image:Eagle_rfb_WHL.jpg]]<br />
<br />
Eagle "rodded flat back" single face signal with Kopp 88a lenses. (Willis Lamm Collection)<br />
<br />
<br />
[[Image:Eagle_fb_WHL.jpg]]<br />
<br />
Eagle "flat back" single face signal with 12 inch red section. (Willis Lamm Collection)<br />
<br />
== Relevant Patents ==<br />
''Patent numbers relevant to this MFR or signals specifically. Not just every patent by company X.''<br />
<br />
<br />
== References ==<br />
Eagle Signal/Danaher Industrial Controls<br />
<br />
ITS Siemens Corporate History<br />
<br />
Business Wire, Jan 9, 1997</div>SchoolcraftSignalhttps://wiki.highwaydivides.com/index.php?title=File:Kopp88LightYellow_Obverse_Full.JPG&diff=2382File:Kopp88LightYellow Obverse Full.JPG2016-05-28T18:21:46Z<p>SchoolcraftSignal: SchoolcraftSignal uploaded a new version of &quot;File:Kopp88LightYellow Obverse Full.JPG&quot;</p>
<hr />
<div>Illuminated Kopp 88 lens in an Eaglelux Tall Fin</div>SchoolcraftSignalhttps://wiki.highwaydivides.com/index.php?title=Eagle&diff=2381Eagle2016-05-28T18:18:19Z<p>SchoolcraftSignal: /* Kopp 88.1 */</p>
<hr />
<div>'''Note: This section currently only covers the scope of Eagle Traffic Signals from the first documented signal in 1931 to their modern day evolution into the Siemens ITS conglomerate.'''<br />
<br />
Go Here For [[Essco]], AKA the Eagle Signal and Sign Company.<br />
<br />
Go Here For [[Harrington-Seaberg]].<br />
<br />
== History ==<br />
<br />
[[Image:AMCI-Eagle Logo-LC.jpg]]<br />
<br />
=== Founding years ===<br />
The Eagle Signal and Sign Company appears to have been founded in 1931 coming in right after the first wave of signals and manufacturers in the mid 20's. It's early operation history is still under debate and may have involved contract production for, by or merely distribution partnerships with Harrington-Seaberg and ESSCO.<br />
<br />
=== Middle Ages ===<br />
As Eagle moved through the 1930's and into the 1940's they kept with a narrow product lineup but continued to tweak and upgrade the designs. They remained a market leader competing with Crouse-Hinds, and to a lesser amount Marbelite, for control of midwest America as early competitors like GE and Horni faded away while new companies such as Econolite and A1 signal came onto the scene. Having plugged away for over 25 years with the same basic design, the first generation of flat back models wee introduced in the mid 50's with fully modern adjustable signals quickly followed by 12" signals as Eagle entered the 1960's <br />
<br />
<br />
=== Modern Age ===<br />
As Eagle entered into the modern age of signals they underwent many corporate changes. Moving from their traditional headquarters in Moline, Illinois to a new base of operations in Davenport, Iowa and an acquisition by Gulf & Western started a long period of corporate activity. 1987 Mark IV Industries acquires Eagle Signal (DBA Harrington Seaberg?) and in 1988 consolidates the Mark IV, Automatic Signal, and Eagle brands into Automatic Signal/Eagle Signal. Mark IV moved the company to its current headquarters in Austin, Texas. Name later changed to Eagle Traffic Control Systems. Timer motor division sold in 1992? January 9, 1997 Mark IV Industries, Inc. sold its Automatic Signal/Eagle Signal subsidiary to Siemens Energy & Automation, Inc. The Eagle name was dropped following aquisition to be now known as Siemens ITS.<br />
<br />
In November 2013, Siemens split the product line in two and sold the traffic signal and cabinet manufacturing to Brown Traffic Products of Davenport, Iowa. Siemens ITS retained the controller software and hardware lines, as well as the regional software products. Brown Traffic operates the former Siemens Austin TX facility, and has brought back the original Eagle brand name.<br />
<br />
=== International Operations ===<br />
Some vintage Eagle equipment has been seen, in slightly modified versions of the American designs, in both Australia and Europe.<br />
<br />
=== Part Numbering Systems ===<br />
<br />
The part numbering system for Eagle Signals, especially in the early days, is quite confusing. The general patterns are as follows: <br />
<br />
==== Signals ====<br />
Older rodded signals were identified by a pattern of 1234<br />
<br />
1. Prefix of S or X (for signal presumably), Z for internal flasher, Y for internal controller, Blank for 4-ways. <br />
<br />
2. Number of separate signals in the design, 1-5. Six seemed to imply a stand-alone bare signal. 4-ways with less than 4 had (4-x) blank plates installed. <br />
<br />
3. Number of lenses per signal head...1-4+ <br />
<br />
4. Accessory hardware, <br />
<br />
'''For Four Ways''' <br />
<br />
V-Pedestal <br />
<br />
U-4-way Slipfitter <br />
<br />
EX-Pendant Chain with Bell <br />
<br />
E-Spanwire Hanger <br />
<br />
H-Mast-Arm Hanger (and bottom bell?) <br />
<br />
F-Downlight <br />
<br />
'''For Adjustables''' <br />
<br />
I-Side of pole cluster mount pipes? <br />
<br />
II-Side of pole cluster mount pipes? <br />
<br />
J-Side of pole cluster mount pipes? <br />
<br />
C-Pipe Slipfitter and Finial <br />
<br />
P-Terminal block Housing Base and Finial <br />
<br />
A-Finial Only <br />
<br />
C-Slipfitter with Cluster Pipe Frame <br />
<br />
G-Mast-Arm Hanger <br />
<br />
E-Spanwire Hanger <br />
<br />
[blank]-No Hardware <br />
<br />
Modern signals seem to have been sold more in kit forms and have separate partnumbers for generic signal heads, fittings, etc. <br />
<br />
==== Controllers ====<br />
Many controllers were identified either by name only, or a descriptor instead of a discrete partnumber. Those that do follow a structured numbering system, like signal are from the 30's to mid-century. Controllers carried on the standard scheme longer than signals by a decade or two, however, up until around the 70's. <br />
<br />
Controllers were identified by the pattern of 123<br />
<br />
1. Controller Function or Motor Type, E for Electro-Mechanical, H for Flasher (or induction motor?), L for Relay <br />
<br />
2. Sub-descriptor for Controller Design, Pattern Not Identified. <br />
<br />
Possibly A-E were reserved for controller lights pattern? <br />
<br />
D- <br />
<br />
F- <br />
<br />
K- <br />
<br />
H- <br />
<br />
T- <br />
<br />
3. Model Number, Not believed to be anything more than a name.<br />
<br />
== Traffic Signals ==<br />
<br />
=== Four Ways ===<br />
Eagle produced 4-way signals in one standard body style from their introduction in 1931 as the Eaglelux to the end of production during the flat back signal era in the 50's. Only minor internal differences with the reflectors, as well as removal of the brass ID tag from the base plate, differentiated the age of these signals. The internal changes are further documented in the Adjustables sections for the Eaglelux and flat back (Rodded) 8" signals.<br />
<br />
The Eagle 4-way signal is built from individual sections with four sides riveted together. Each side had provisions for a reflector and related hardware. For less-than-4-ways, a blank door could be installed in place of a lens door - some beacons used this as an alternative location to mount the internal flashing device. One or more sections were stacked as necessary to build the signal, held together by tie rods running through the top and bottom plates. The trim of the bottom plates were especially susceptible to damage, being a cast flat plate with curved edges, both drops and side impacts focused their energy to the edge of the unrelieved curved edge causing chipping and breaking. It should be noted though, that they were an overall sturdy signal for this plate edge breakage rarely caused further damage to the signal.<br />
<br />
==== Eaglelux ====<br />
<br />
Earlier signals used a significantly heavier cast design, most notably as many were equipped with cutaway visors being molded into the door<br />
<br />
==== Rodded Eagle ====<br />
<br />
==== Variants ====<br />
<br />
===== Fire Beacon =====<br />
One unique signal offered was the fire beacon. Equipped with a siren on top, the beacon was intended to be placed outside a firehouse where it would be activated by the crew inside, clearing the road as the equipment roared out of the garage.<br />
<br />
===== Integrated controller =====<br />
When signals were more isolated and most installations were meant to be first time or lifetime, Eagle was one of many manufacturers to offer a controller built into the signal where a town merely had to mount the signal, plug it into the nearest outlet, and have a fully automatic intersection. Both beacon flashers and full RYG signals were offered with controllers built into the base. These signals are easy to spot, having a small latched box protruding below the signal skirt.<br />
<br />
===== 4-Way Photos (Temporary Holding Place) =====<br />
[[Image:Eagle 21ALV-1934-1935 LC.jpg]]<br />
<br />
'''Figure: Pedestal Beacon Model 21ALV'''<br />
<br />
<br />
[[Image:Eagle 23CU-1934-1935 LC.jpg]]<br />
[[Image:Eagle 23CU-1937 LC.jpg]]<br />
<br />
'''Figure: Model 23CU two-way post mount signal.'''<br />
<br />
<br />
[[Image:Eagle 41EX-1934-1935 LC.jpg]]<br />
<br />
'''Figure: Fire Alarm beacon, typically painted red with black accents and a siren, pendant hung via chains. Model 41EX.'''<br />
<br />
<br />
[[Image:Eagle 43E-1934-1935 LC.jpg]]<br />
<br />
'''Figure: Standard three-section Eagle 4-way model 43E for spanwire hanging.'''<br />
<br />
<br />
[[Image:Eagle 43H-1940-1941 LC.jpg]]<br />
<br />
'''Figure: Figure: Model 43H three-section Eagle 4-way with mast arm hanger and bottom downlight? bell? provision.'''<br />
<br />
<br />
[[Image:Eagle Z31F-1937 LC.jpg]]<br />
<br />
'''Figure: Model Z31F'''<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
[[Image:Eagle Y43E-1934-1935 LC.jpg]]<br />
<br />
'''Figure: Model Y43E'''<br />
<br />
=== Adjustables ===<br />
<br />
==== Ornamental Eaglelux Signal - Solid Body ====<br />
The earliest of Eagle Signals, was the Roman Column style of signal. Produced in 1931 and onwards to the mid 30’s, it appeared in Eagle advertisements until approximately 1937. It's exact dates are unknown, the front view is identical to a standard Eaglelux, while the remainder is completely different making positive identifications rather difficult. The signal itself only seems to be called decorative or ornamental in design, however, examples have been found that have Eaglelux ID tags installed. <br />
<br />
In terms of construction, it resembles a Horni or Ruleta of the era. Reflectors are housed in a cast frame assembly, the entirety of which is hinged off the signal door. The body itself is just an empty shell.<br />
<br />
[[Image:Eagle S23II-1934-1935 LC.jpg]]<br />
<br />
'''Figure: Model S23II'''<br />
<br />
<br />
[[Image:Eagle X13J-1934-1935 LC.jpg]]<br />
<br />
'''Figure: Model X13J'''<br />
<br />
==== Eaglelux ====<br />
<br />
Eagle produced adjustable signals in one basic body style from their introduction in 1936[???] as the Eaglelux to the end of production well into in the 50's when the rodded flatback signal was introduced. The signals underwent continuous, miniscule modifications throughout production, the most notable features of which are outlined below.<br />
<br />
===== Logos =====<br />
Blank bodies are found on all tall-fin, and some early models of short-fin. The back of the casting featured a prominent mold insert imprint but was devoid of any manufacturer's indication. The reason behind this is unknown. Later models of the short fin did incorporate the Eagle thunderbird outline with the raised text "Eagle Signal Corp" incorporated onto the figure. It is believed the earlier versions used a climbing script version of the word Signal, with later ones using the same font as the words Eagle and Corp always did, a plain sans-serif font. <br />
<br />
===== Endplates =====<br />
All Eagleluxes were of the tie-rod design, with two end plates holding together the group of common signal sections. The earliest of these plate styles was known informally as the Tall Fin. It was a significant flange, around 1 3/8", on the front face of the signal featuring a gentle, rounded arch shape and adding significant height to the front face of the signal. In later years this was modified down to 3/4" tall to only be a small, Short Fin which kept a similar arch profile but was barely taller that the thickness of the plate it was made to,. The top and bottom plates were interchangeable and only distinguishable because the ID tag went on the bottom. They were built with a inset flange designed to mate with the tapered body housings, the upper part of the signal was narrower and set inside a lip on the endplate while the lower part of the signal was flared out and set outside the endplate lip. This same philosophy also allowed the bodies to stack securely amongst themselves. <br />
<br />
IMG 3105 <br />
<br />
===== ID Tags =====<br />
All tall-fin models came with one or more ID tags installed. Some, if not all, short-fin models also came with an ID tag. There were several variations over the years, and the following is speculative data on when and what order and dates they were used. <br />
<br />
Brass vs. Aluminum tags. The earliest tags were made of brass, with later signals moving to aluminum tags (in the tall fin era). It is possible that in the final years of the tall fins or during the short fins, tags were changed back to brass. [Look at if this was related to WW2] <br />
<br />
This set of tags was from a pre-1942, tall-fin model. Note the two accessory tags, one references the "original" 1924 traffic signal patent 1490567, not owned by Eagle, and the other eludes to Eagle patenting the Eaglelux design when this master patent expires. Signals from 1942 and later feature tag(s) with the 2xxx patent number which are specifically for the design of this signal. <br />
<br />
<br />
These next tags are also tall-fin tags. <br />
<br />
<br />
===== Lens Holders =====<br />
As the Eaglelux was a long serving signal it is quite apparent the design was modified to keep up with the latest trends. The first lenses were held into the signal with four steel quarter-rings that interlocked. A lens to signal body and a lens to ring cork gaskets were apparently used from the start of production, however due to their fragility and short life, most signals are devoid of original gasketing. In later years these two pieces of cork became the modern single wraparound rubber gasket, still secured with the four part ring. The last of the Eagleluxes used conventional lens tabs on the bosses of the original quarter rings.<br />
<br />
===== Acorn Nuts/Tie Rods =====<br />
Some of the earlier tall fin signals used large, ornate brass and steel "acorn nuts" to cap the tie rods, sealed with a lead washer. These are faux nuts, however, not of a standard Imperial wrench size and barely fitting a suitable metric wrench, these were actually formed stampings that appear to have been swaged onto standard steel hex nuts. The remainder, and newer Eaglelux signals used standard high-profile acorn nuts without any fancy stamping or machining assembly required. Split lock washers and lead sealing washers were still in use though.<br />
<br />
===== Screws =====<br />
At some point in the production run, Eagle experimented with that new for 1934 device, the Phillips screw. This appears to be short lived, as only a few Eagleluxes have been seen without slotted screws, and by the time of the rodded flatback slotted screws were again in use. Perhaps this was around 1950 when the patent was revoked and the screw, ubiquitous to the market now, was first available cheaply to the masses.<br />
<br />
===== Visors =====<br />
Both cap and tunnel visors were popular accessories, it is presumable full circles and other variants were available as well. The earliest of visors are believed to have been made of rolled aluminum sheet, with the visor tabs being heavy brass L-brackets with one rivet into the visor and screwed to the signal in a conventional manner. The remaining visors kept to the simpler design of a rolled sheet with a folded up tab to bolt to the signal. Through the years these went through both small, thin tabs with a drilled hole and larger modern type tabs with a slot to allow easier installation and removal.<br />
<br />
===== Hinge Pins =====<br />
Rounded Rivet-Pins were used on some signals, while others a Flat-Headed Pin e.g. "Nail" were used instead.<br />
<br />
===== Odd variations =====<br />
As with most manufacturers of the time, signals were available by special order with modified designs or materials such as steel, cast iron, and bronze. Here, a surviving pair of signals made of steel are pictured. Note the slight modification to the hinge design. <br />
<br />
===== Eaglelux Photos (Temp Holding Place) =====<br />
<br />
[[Image:Eagle 13C-1940-1941 LC.jpg]]<br />
[[Image:Eagle X13C-1934-1935 LC.jpg]]<br />
<br />
'''Figure: Eaglelux signal, Tall Fin, Post Mount with Finial, Model 13C or X13C.'''<br />
<br />
<br />
[[Image:Eagle 13PwUJ15-1934-1935 LC.jpg]]<br />
<br />
'''Figure: Eaglelux 13P signal with UJ15 horizontal side of pole mount hardware.'''<br />
<br />
<br />
[[Image:Eagle KB63-1937 LC.jpg]]<br />
<br />
'''Figure: Model KB63'''<br />
<br />
<br />
[[Image:Eagle S11A-1940-1941 LC.jpg]]<br />
<br />
'''Figure: Model S11A'''<br />
<br />
<br />
[[Image:Eagle S23A-1937 LC.jpg]]<br />
<br />
'''Figure: Model S23A'''<br />
<br />
<br />
[[Image:Eagle S23C-1940-1941 LC.jpg]]<br />
<br />
'''Figure: Model S23C'''<br />
<br />
<br />
[[Image:Eagle S23I-1940-1941 LC.jpg]]<br />
<br />
'''Figure: Model S23I'''<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
[[Image:Eagle S33G-1940-1941 LC.jpg]]<br />
<br />
'''Figure: Model S33G'''<br />
<br />
<br />
[[Image:Eagle S41E-1940-1941 LC.jpg]]<br />
<br />
'''Figure: Model S41E'''<br />
<br />
<br />
[[Image:Eagle SX33C-1934-1935 LC.jpg]]<br />
<br />
'''Figure: Model SX33C'''<br />
<br />
==== Flatback (Rodded) ====<br />
<br />
<br />
==== Flatback 8" and 12" (Conventional Design) ====<br />
The Flatback model was an evolution of the last rodded signals. The casting was shortened slightly and sealed off on both ends to make a conventional sectional signal. At the same time, the reflector assemblies were simplified to a conventional reflector H-frame design and reflector/socket holder. This reduced the material and assembly required from the older style swingout/latching frames and the need to install additional features inside the housing to accomodate them.<br />
<br />
These signals, when introduced, were known as the KB170, for the eight inch version, and the KB380 for the new 12" signal heads. The models were visually identical, with the exception being dual latches on the 12" model.<br />
<br />
==== Alusig ====<br />
<br />
<br />
==== Durasig ====<br />
<br />
<br />
==== MarkIV ====<br />
<br />
== Pedestrian Signals ==<br />
''describe models, variations [delete]''<br />
<br />
=== Vehicle Heads (Round) ===<br />
<br />
=== Vehicle Heads (Square Door Adapters) ===<br />
<br />
=== Pedestrian/Sign Heads (Rectangular) ===<br />
<br />
Early rectangular pedestrian heads were a modification of standard single faced signal heads. A rectangular reflector adapter was fitted to the front of a standard signal body.<br />
<br />
[[Image:Eagle_worded_ped_WHL.jpg]]<br />
<br />
Figure: Eagle worded pedestrian signal.<br />
<br />
<br />
[[Image:Eagle_worded_ped_interior_WHL.jpg]]<br />
<br />
Figure: Interior view.<br />
<br />
== Informational Signals and Signs ==<br />
''describe models, variations [delete]''<br />
''includes "box signs," "case signs," and Ped Heads with special [non-ped] lenses.<br />
<br />
<br />
== Lenses ==<br />
''describe models, variations [delete]''<br />
<br />
=== Vehicular === <br />
==== Kopp 27 Diamond ====<br />
Early Eaglelux signals often were equipped with Kopp lettered or non-lettered diamond pattern lenses.<br />
<br />
[[Image:Kopp-27 caution WHL.jpg]]<br />
<br />
Figure: Kopp 27 "diamond pattern" lens with command lettering.<br />
<br />
==== Adler Bar Lenses ====<br />
<br />
Adler bar lenses were optional. They were designed for color blind drivers. Red lens - horizontal bar. Amber lens - diagonal bar. Green lens - vertical bar.<br />
<br />
[[Image:Adler_bar_lens_WHL.jpg]]<br />
<br />
Figure: Adler bar lens.<br />
<br />
==== Kopp 88.1 ====<br />
A rare variant of the 88a was the 88 or 88.1 lens. While visually quite similar to the more ubiquitous version, the 88.1 had more of a vertical brick pattern.<br />
[[File:Kopp88LightYellow Obverse Full.JPG]]<br />
<br />
==== Kopp 88a ====<br />
The majority of Eagle signals have featured this lens. These lenses had a very fine beaded pattern that refracted a bright light. Earlier lenses had Eagle's Stop-Go crossed semaphore flag logo prominently molded in the front. In later versions of the Kopp 88a lenses, the crossed flags were replaced with a spread wing eagle inside a square.<br />
<br />
[[Image:Kopp_88-a_WHL.jpg]]<br />
<br />
Figure: Kopp 88a lens (with stop and go flag logo)<br />
<br />
=== Pedestrian ===<br />
<br />
==== Worded ====<br />
<br />
==== Symbols ====<br />
<br />
=== Special ===<br />
<br />
<br />
== Controllers ==<br />
Eagle has manufactured controllers for as long as they have signals. In 1926 they [possibly in the previous company as ESSCO] installed what is claimed to be the first flexible progressive timing system in the loop district of Chicago. By 1931 they were a full line controller company making flexible progressive, limited progressive, coordinated, and isolated controllers.<br />
<br />
Also in the late '20's the famous Co-ordiplex system was developed. This was widely adopted by many of the larger cities from coast to coast entering the 1930's including:<br />
Chicago<br />
L.A.<br />
St. Louis<br />
Spokane & Seattle, WA<br />
Tulsa, OK<br />
New Orleans<br />
Canton, OH<br />
Cambridge, MA<br />
E. Pittsburgh & Bethlehem<br />
Newport, KY<br />
Rochester, NY<br />
Baltimore<br />
<br />
Of special note is their early international reach with both Winnipeg, Manitoba, CAN and Melbourne, AUS using the controllers and in the case of Melbourne at least, Eagle Signals for many years to come.<br />
<br />
Eagle, like most manufacturers, had a few basic cabinet castings over the years, going from small cast metal tombstone style cabinets to larger and more squared off cast aluminum cabinets before the modern stamped and formed stainless steel sheetmetal cabinets to refrigerator sized boxes of today. Each era housed a variety of similar model controllers, the main differences being in functionality and installed accessories. <br />
<br />
=== Early Controllers of the 1930's ===<br />
<br />
==== Fixed Signal Patterns ====<br />
In 1934, with many two-color lights still in service or being installed, Eagle offered the following five fixed controller patterns:<br />
<br />
Three Color Signals<br />
Cycle A - G, GA, R, RA<br />
Cycle B - G, A, R, A<br />
Cycle C - G, GA, R<br />
Cycle D - G, A, R<br />
<br />
Two Color Signals<br />
Cycle E - Red N/S overlaps Red E/W during Change <br />
<br />
====Simplex Traffic Signal Timer====<br />
A name more synonymous with W. S. Darley and timeclocks, the 20's saw Eagle develop the Simplex timer early in traffic signal development. It featured low maintenance, an induction disc drive motor, and heavy contact load ratings. Stop, Go, and the total period are adjustable via sliding scale and dials (Amber-Caution being a byproduct of the red, green and total times). Furnished in both automatic and manual control versions, and in an aluminum weatherproof cabinet.<br />
<br />
The Simplex controller of the 1930's was used for isolated intersections and as the master for a staggered system. The adjustability was for green lights and cycle times (amber was fixed). Contact ratings were 10A per circuit. The dial motors were available in induction disc and Synchronous types. When used with the later, the controller was known as a Synchro-Simplex and was better suited for interconnected operation and was apparently better regulated in timekeeping. These types were reccomended for "intersections within 1000 feet" to allow coordinated movements of traffic. Regardless of motor type, the controller had manual control options and an optional amber flasher.<br />
<br />
[[Image:Eagle Simplex-1931 LC.jpg]]<br />
<br />
'''Image: Simplex timer in aluminum cabinet circa 1931. [Image by LC]'''<br />
<br />
<br />
====Co-oridplex Traffic System====<br />
An interconnected traffic control system with either a dual master switchboard or cabinet controller acting as the master timer while each intersection runs on a local timer connected back to the master with only four wires. <br />
<br />
Can operate as a Simplex controller but designed for the flexible-progressive traffic control method hence the "coordinated" surname. This was designed to have a master controller interconnected to local controllers at each intersection. By adjusting the timing of one intersection or adjusting values of the master controller it was possible to reflect the changes in the streets along that route, allowing a smooth flow and proper intervals to be made years before proper analog computers were in existance! Like the Simplex, these were available in induction disc and synchronous types - the synchronous recommended for more heavy duty traffic applications.<br />
<br />
[[Image:Eagle Co-Ordiplex Local-1931 LC.jpg]]<br />
<br />
'''Image: Co-ordiplex local timer in aluminum cabinet circa 1931. [Image by LC]'''<br />
<br />
<br />
==== Eagle-Senior Controllers ====<br />
These were an early attempt to allow programmability in controllers (as noted previously, most controllers did a forced green-yellow-red with little adjustment between them nor other patterns like left turn arrows, all reds, etc.). With expansion and large intersections in mind they were designed to accomodate 14 circuits and allow 12 timing intervals. They were designed to accomodate flexible-progressive and Co-ordiplex control systems and would operate on a synchronous motor and keep good time so controller interconnection was not necessary. The Senior-Triplex was one of the first three-dial controllers allowing one controller to operate at three different timing patterns.<br />
<br />
<br />
==== Eagle Master Controllers ====<br />
Master controllers were designed to drive the entire flexible progressive system. Their functions were to keep all local controllers in time with each other, adjusting the total cycle time for the system, and finally to serve as an overall signal control - setting nighttime flash mode, emergency street clearance, etc.<br />
<br />
<br />
==== Actuated Controllers ====<br />
Eagle claimed a "liscensed list of an imposing list of patents" for actuated controllers. While they do not go into detail, by 1935 they were incorporating this into their flexible-progressive systems.<br />
<br />
<br />
==== Eagle-Junior Beacon Flashers ====<br />
These were described as small, ball bearing movement flashers. The motors were of induction type with cotton windings. Silver was used for the contact points. "Years of maintenance free operation"<br />
<br />
<br />
====Vario Three-Period Timer====<br />
Designed for three-street intersections with independant "Go" periods for each street once per cycle with "a customary traffic change period" before each change in traffic. The amber period is also independently adjustable. Comes in aluminum cabinet.<br />
<br />
[[Image:Eagle VarioThreePeriod-1931 LC.jpg]]<br />
<br />
'''Image: Vario three-period timer in aluminum cabinet circa 1931. [Image by LC]'''<br />
<br />
<br />
=== Photos Temp ===<br />
==== Co-Ordiplex Demand Controller ====<br />
[[Image:Eagle Co-OrdiplexDemand-1940-1941 LC.jpg]]<br />
<br />
'''Figure: Eagle Co-Ordiplex Demand Controller'''<br />
<br />
<br />
==== ED19 Auto/Man. Induction Type Simplex ====<br />
[[Image:Eagle ED19-1934-1935 LC.jpg]]<br />
<br />
'''Figure: Eagle ED19 automatic and manual induction type Simplex controller circa 1934-1935. [Image by LC]'''<br />
<br />
<br />
==== EH1 Induction Type Master Controller ====<br />
[[Image:Eagle EH1-1934-1935 LC.jpg]]<br />
<br />
'''Figure: EH1 Induction type master controller circa 1934-1935. [Image by LC]'''<br />
<br />
<br />
==== EH4 Duplex Induction Type Master Controller====<br />
[[Image:Eagle EH4-1934-1935 LC.jpg]]<br />
<br />
'''Figure: EH4 Duplex induction type master controller circa 1934-1941. [Image by LC]'''<br />
<br />
<br />
==== EH60 Synchronous Master Controller ====<br />
[[Image:Eagle EH60-1934-1935 LC.jpg]]<br />
[[Image:Eagle EH60-1940-1941 LC.jpg]]<br />
<br />
'''Figure: EH60 Synchronous master controller circa 1934-1941. [Image by LC]'''<br />
<br />
<br />
==== EK41 Auto/Man. Co-ordiplex Controller ====<br />
[[Image:Eagle EK41-1934-1935 LC.jpg]]<br />
<br />
'''Figure: EK41 Automatic and manual co-ordiplex controller circa 1934-1935. [Image by LC]'''<br />
<br />
<br />
==== EK400 TBD ====<br />
[[Image:Eagle EK400-1937 LC.jpg]]<br />
<br />
'''Figure: EK400'''<br />
<br />
<br />
==== EK658 Co-ordiplex Controller ====<br />
[[Image:Eagle EK658-1934-1935 LC.jpg]]<br />
<br />
'''Figure: EK658 shown without covers and removed from cabinet. Circa 1934-1935. [Image by LC]'''<br />
<br />
<br />
==== EKS70 Co-ordiplex controller ====<br />
[[Image:Eagle EKS70-1934-1935 LC.jpg]]<br />
<br />
'''Figure: EKS70 Co-ordiplex controller shown with dial cover open. Circa 1934-1935. [Image by LC]'''<br />
<br />
<br />
==== EKS71 Eagle-Senior Three Dial Controller ====<br />
[[Image:Eagle EKS71-1934-1935 LC.jpg]]<br />
<br />
'''Figure: EKS71 Eagle-Senior three dial controller without mechanisim cover. Circa 1934-1935. [Image by LC]'''<br />
<br />
<br />
==== HT4 Junior Flasher & EL42 Cabinet ====<br />
[[Image:Eagle HT4-1934-1935 LC.jpg]]<br />
<br />
'''Figure: HT4 Eagle-Junior flasher with RFI filter. Cabinet shown is EL42. Circa 1934-1935. [Image by LC]'''<br />
<br />
<br />
==== HT14 TBD ====<br />
[[Image:Eagle HT14-1937 LC.jpg]]<br />
<br />
'''Figure: HT14'''<br />
<br />
<br />
==== LA1 Jack Mounted Relay ====<br />
[[Image:Eagle LA1-1934-1935 LC.jpg]]<br />
<br />
'''Figure: LA1 Jack mouted relay, one of 75 types available. Circa 1934-1935. [Image by LC]'''<br />
<br />
<br />
==== Simplex TBD ====<br />
[[Image:Eagle Simplex-1940-1941 LC.jpg]]<br />
<br />
'''Figure: Simplex'''<br />
<br />
<br />
==== Synchro Simplex TBD ====<br />
[[Image:Eagle Synchro Simplex-1940-1941 LC.jpg]]<br />
<br />
'''Figure: Synchro Simplex'''<br />
<br />
<br />
==== A2 TBD ====<br />
[[Image:Eagle TypeA2-1940-1941 LC.jpg]]<br />
<br />
'''Figure: TypeA2'''<br />
<br />
<br />
==== A TBD ====<br />
[[Image:Eagle TypeA-1940-1941 LC.jpg]]<br />
<br />
'''Figure: TypeA'''<br />
<br />
==== Eagle Programmable Actuated Console (EPAC) ====<br />
<br />
'''EPAC 300 M10 Series'''<br />
<br />
'''EPAC 300 M30 Series'''<br />
<br />
'''EPAC 300 M40 Series'''<br />
<br />
'''EPAC M50 Series'''<br />
<br />
==== Eagle Programmable Interval Console (EPIC) ====<br />
<br />
==== Monitor And Report Console (MARC) ====<br />
<br />
==== Ramp Metering Console (RMC) ====<br />
<br />
== Hardware ==<br />
''this would include any kind of mounting hardware including brackets, slipfitters, hangers, bases, etc. [delete]''<br />
<br />
<br />
== Restored Examples ==<br />
<br />
[[Image:Eagle 43E WHL.jpg]]<br />
<br />
Eagle (Eaglelux) Type 43E with Kopp 27 lenses. (Willis Lamm Collection)<br />
<br />
<br />
[[Image:Eagle_kb63_WHL.jpg]]<br />
<br />
Eagle (Eaglelux) KB63 with two original Adler lenses. (Willis Lamm Collection)<br />
<br />
<br />
[[Image:Eagle_rfb_WHL.jpg]]<br />
<br />
Eagle "rodded flat back" single face signal with Kopp 88a lenses. (Willis Lamm Collection)<br />
<br />
<br />
[[Image:Eagle_fb_WHL.jpg]]<br />
<br />
Eagle "flat back" single face signal with 12 inch red section. (Willis Lamm Collection)<br />
<br />
== Relevant Patents ==<br />
''Patent numbers relevant to this MFR or signals specifically. Not just every patent by company X.''<br />
<br />
<br />
== References ==<br />
Eagle Signal/Danaher Industrial Controls<br />
<br />
ITS Siemens Corporate History<br />
<br />
Business Wire, Jan 9, 1997</div>SchoolcraftSignalhttps://wiki.highwaydivides.com/index.php?title=File:Kopp88LightYellow_Obverse_Full.JPG&diff=2380File:Kopp88LightYellow Obverse Full.JPG2016-05-28T18:17:27Z<p>SchoolcraftSignal: Illuminated Kopp 88 lens in an Eaglelux Tall Fin</p>
<hr />
<div>Illuminated Kopp 88 lens in an Eaglelux Tall Fin</div>SchoolcraftSignalhttps://wiki.highwaydivides.com/index.php?title=Eagle&diff=2379Eagle2016-05-28T17:48:28Z<p>SchoolcraftSignal: /* Kopp 88.1 */</p>
<hr />
<div>'''Note: This section currently only covers the scope of Eagle Traffic Signals from the first documented signal in 1931 to their modern day evolution into the Siemens ITS conglomerate.'''<br />
<br />
Go Here For [[Essco]], AKA the Eagle Signal and Sign Company.<br />
<br />
Go Here For [[Harrington-Seaberg]].<br />
<br />
== History ==<br />
<br />
[[Image:AMCI-Eagle Logo-LC.jpg]]<br />
<br />
=== Founding years ===<br />
The Eagle Signal and Sign Company appears to have been founded in 1931 coming in right after the first wave of signals and manufacturers in the mid 20's. It's early operation history is still under debate and may have involved contract production for, by or merely distribution partnerships with Harrington-Seaberg and ESSCO.<br />
<br />
=== Middle Ages ===<br />
As Eagle moved through the 1930's and into the 1940's they kept with a narrow product lineup but continued to tweak and upgrade the designs. They remained a market leader competing with Crouse-Hinds, and to a lesser amount Marbelite, for control of midwest America as early competitors like GE and Horni faded away while new companies such as Econolite and A1 signal came onto the scene. Having plugged away for over 25 years with the same basic design, the first generation of flat back models wee introduced in the mid 50's with fully modern adjustable signals quickly followed by 12" signals as Eagle entered the 1960's <br />
<br />
<br />
=== Modern Age ===<br />
As Eagle entered into the modern age of signals they underwent many corporate changes. Moving from their traditional headquarters in Moline, Illinois to a new base of operations in Davenport, Iowa and an acquisition by Gulf & Western started a long period of corporate activity. 1987 Mark IV Industries acquires Eagle Signal (DBA Harrington Seaberg?) and in 1988 consolidates the Mark IV, Automatic Signal, and Eagle brands into Automatic Signal/Eagle Signal. Mark IV moved the company to its current headquarters in Austin, Texas. Name later changed to Eagle Traffic Control Systems. Timer motor division sold in 1992? January 9, 1997 Mark IV Industries, Inc. sold its Automatic Signal/Eagle Signal subsidiary to Siemens Energy & Automation, Inc. The Eagle name was dropped following aquisition to be now known as Siemens ITS.<br />
<br />
In November 2013, Siemens split the product line in two and sold the traffic signal and cabinet manufacturing to Brown Traffic Products of Davenport, Iowa. Siemens ITS retained the controller software and hardware lines, as well as the regional software products. Brown Traffic operates the former Siemens Austin TX facility, and has brought back the original Eagle brand name.<br />
<br />
=== International Operations ===<br />
Some vintage Eagle equipment has been seen, in slightly modified versions of the American designs, in both Australia and Europe.<br />
<br />
=== Part Numbering Systems ===<br />
<br />
The part numbering system for Eagle Signals, especially in the early days, is quite confusing. The general patterns are as follows: <br />
<br />
==== Signals ====<br />
Older rodded signals were identified by a pattern of 1234<br />
<br />
1. Prefix of S or X (for signal presumably), Z for internal flasher, Y for internal controller, Blank for 4-ways. <br />
<br />
2. Number of separate signals in the design, 1-5. Six seemed to imply a stand-alone bare signal. 4-ways with less than 4 had (4-x) blank plates installed. <br />
<br />
3. Number of lenses per signal head...1-4+ <br />
<br />
4. Accessory hardware, <br />
<br />
'''For Four Ways''' <br />
<br />
V-Pedestal <br />
<br />
U-4-way Slipfitter <br />
<br />
EX-Pendant Chain with Bell <br />
<br />
E-Spanwire Hanger <br />
<br />
H-Mast-Arm Hanger (and bottom bell?) <br />
<br />
F-Downlight <br />
<br />
'''For Adjustables''' <br />
<br />
I-Side of pole cluster mount pipes? <br />
<br />
II-Side of pole cluster mount pipes? <br />
<br />
J-Side of pole cluster mount pipes? <br />
<br />
C-Pipe Slipfitter and Finial <br />
<br />
P-Terminal block Housing Base and Finial <br />
<br />
A-Finial Only <br />
<br />
C-Slipfitter with Cluster Pipe Frame <br />
<br />
G-Mast-Arm Hanger <br />
<br />
E-Spanwire Hanger <br />
<br />
[blank]-No Hardware <br />
<br />
Modern signals seem to have been sold more in kit forms and have separate partnumbers for generic signal heads, fittings, etc. <br />
<br />
==== Controllers ====<br />
Many controllers were identified either by name only, or a descriptor instead of a discrete partnumber. Those that do follow a structured numbering system, like signal are from the 30's to mid-century. Controllers carried on the standard scheme longer than signals by a decade or two, however, up until around the 70's. <br />
<br />
Controllers were identified by the pattern of 123<br />
<br />
1. Controller Function or Motor Type, E for Electro-Mechanical, H for Flasher (or induction motor?), L for Relay <br />
<br />
2. Sub-descriptor for Controller Design, Pattern Not Identified. <br />
<br />
Possibly A-E were reserved for controller lights pattern? <br />
<br />
D- <br />
<br />
F- <br />
<br />
K- <br />
<br />
H- <br />
<br />
T- <br />
<br />
3. Model Number, Not believed to be anything more than a name.<br />
<br />
== Traffic Signals ==<br />
<br />
=== Four Ways ===<br />
Eagle produced 4-way signals in one standard body style from their introduction in 1931 as the Eaglelux to the end of production during the flat back signal era in the 50's. Only minor internal differences with the reflectors, as well as removal of the brass ID tag from the base plate, differentiated the age of these signals. The internal changes are further documented in the Adjustables sections for the Eaglelux and flat back (Rodded) 8" signals.<br />
<br />
The Eagle 4-way signal is built from individual sections with four sides riveted together. Each side had provisions for a reflector and related hardware. For less-than-4-ways, a blank door could be installed in place of a lens door - some beacons used this as an alternative location to mount the internal flashing device. One or more sections were stacked as necessary to build the signal, held together by tie rods running through the top and bottom plates. The trim of the bottom plates were especially susceptible to damage, being a cast flat plate with curved edges, both drops and side impacts focused their energy to the edge of the unrelieved curved edge causing chipping and breaking. It should be noted though, that they were an overall sturdy signal for this plate edge breakage rarely caused further damage to the signal.<br />
<br />
==== Eaglelux ====<br />
<br />
Earlier signals used a significantly heavier cast design, most notably as many were equipped with cutaway visors being molded into the door<br />
<br />
==== Rodded Eagle ====<br />
<br />
==== Variants ====<br />
<br />
===== Fire Beacon =====<br />
One unique signal offered was the fire beacon. Equipped with a siren on top, the beacon was intended to be placed outside a firehouse where it would be activated by the crew inside, clearing the road as the equipment roared out of the garage.<br />
<br />
===== Integrated controller =====<br />
When signals were more isolated and most installations were meant to be first time or lifetime, Eagle was one of many manufacturers to offer a controller built into the signal where a town merely had to mount the signal, plug it into the nearest outlet, and have a fully automatic intersection. Both beacon flashers and full RYG signals were offered with controllers built into the base. These signals are easy to spot, having a small latched box protruding below the signal skirt.<br />
<br />
===== 4-Way Photos (Temporary Holding Place) =====<br />
[[Image:Eagle 21ALV-1934-1935 LC.jpg]]<br />
<br />
'''Figure: Pedestal Beacon Model 21ALV'''<br />
<br />
<br />
[[Image:Eagle 23CU-1934-1935 LC.jpg]]<br />
[[Image:Eagle 23CU-1937 LC.jpg]]<br />
<br />
'''Figure: Model 23CU two-way post mount signal.'''<br />
<br />
<br />
[[Image:Eagle 41EX-1934-1935 LC.jpg]]<br />
<br />
'''Figure: Fire Alarm beacon, typically painted red with black accents and a siren, pendant hung via chains. Model 41EX.'''<br />
<br />
<br />
[[Image:Eagle 43E-1934-1935 LC.jpg]]<br />
<br />
'''Figure: Standard three-section Eagle 4-way model 43E for spanwire hanging.'''<br />
<br />
<br />
[[Image:Eagle 43H-1940-1941 LC.jpg]]<br />
<br />
'''Figure: Figure: Model 43H three-section Eagle 4-way with mast arm hanger and bottom downlight? bell? provision.'''<br />
<br />
<br />
[[Image:Eagle Z31F-1937 LC.jpg]]<br />
<br />
'''Figure: Model Z31F'''<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
[[Image:Eagle Y43E-1934-1935 LC.jpg]]<br />
<br />
'''Figure: Model Y43E'''<br />
<br />
=== Adjustables ===<br />
<br />
==== Ornamental Eaglelux Signal - Solid Body ====<br />
The earliest of Eagle Signals, was the Roman Column style of signal. Produced in 1931 and onwards to the mid 30’s, it appeared in Eagle advertisements until approximately 1937. It's exact dates are unknown, the front view is identical to a standard Eaglelux, while the remainder is completely different making positive identifications rather difficult. The signal itself only seems to be called decorative or ornamental in design, however, examples have been found that have Eaglelux ID tags installed. <br />
<br />
In terms of construction, it resembles a Horni or Ruleta of the era. Reflectors are housed in a cast frame assembly, the entirety of which is hinged off the signal door. The body itself is just an empty shell.<br />
<br />
[[Image:Eagle S23II-1934-1935 LC.jpg]]<br />
<br />
'''Figure: Model S23II'''<br />
<br />
<br />
[[Image:Eagle X13J-1934-1935 LC.jpg]]<br />
<br />
'''Figure: Model X13J'''<br />
<br />
==== Eaglelux ====<br />
<br />
Eagle produced adjustable signals in one basic body style from their introduction in 1936[???] as the Eaglelux to the end of production well into in the 50's when the rodded flatback signal was introduced. The signals underwent continuous, miniscule modifications throughout production, the most notable features of which are outlined below.<br />
<br />
===== Logos =====<br />
Blank bodies are found on all tall-fin, and some early models of short-fin. The back of the casting featured a prominent mold insert imprint but was devoid of any manufacturer's indication. The reason behind this is unknown. Later models of the short fin did incorporate the Eagle thunderbird outline with the raised text "Eagle Signal Corp" incorporated onto the figure. It is believed the earlier versions used a climbing script version of the word Signal, with later ones using the same font as the words Eagle and Corp always did, a plain sans-serif font. <br />
<br />
===== Endplates =====<br />
All Eagleluxes were of the tie-rod design, with two end plates holding together the group of common signal sections. The earliest of these plate styles was known informally as the Tall Fin. It was a significant flange, around 1 3/8", on the front face of the signal featuring a gentle, rounded arch shape and adding significant height to the front face of the signal. In later years this was modified down to 3/4" tall to only be a small, Short Fin which kept a similar arch profile but was barely taller that the thickness of the plate it was made to,. The top and bottom plates were interchangeable and only distinguishable because the ID tag went on the bottom. They were built with a inset flange designed to mate with the tapered body housings, the upper part of the signal was narrower and set inside a lip on the endplate while the lower part of the signal was flared out and set outside the endplate lip. This same philosophy also allowed the bodies to stack securely amongst themselves. <br />
<br />
IMG 3105 <br />
<br />
===== ID Tags =====<br />
All tall-fin models came with one or more ID tags installed. Some, if not all, short-fin models also came with an ID tag. There were several variations over the years, and the following is speculative data on when and what order and dates they were used. <br />
<br />
Brass vs. Aluminum tags. The earliest tags were made of brass, with later signals moving to aluminum tags (in the tall fin era). It is possible that in the final years of the tall fins or during the short fins, tags were changed back to brass. [Look at if this was related to WW2] <br />
<br />
This set of tags was from a pre-1942, tall-fin model. Note the two accessory tags, one references the "original" 1924 traffic signal patent 1490567, not owned by Eagle, and the other eludes to Eagle patenting the Eaglelux design when this master patent expires. Signals from 1942 and later feature tag(s) with the 2xxx patent number which are specifically for the design of this signal. <br />
<br />
<br />
These next tags are also tall-fin tags. <br />
<br />
<br />
===== Lens Holders =====<br />
As the Eaglelux was a long serving signal it is quite apparent the design was modified to keep up with the latest trends. The first lenses were held into the signal with four steel quarter-rings that interlocked. A lens to signal body and a lens to ring cork gaskets were apparently used from the start of production, however due to their fragility and short life, most signals are devoid of original gasketing. In later years these two pieces of cork became the modern single wraparound rubber gasket, still secured with the four part ring. The last of the Eagleluxes used conventional lens tabs on the bosses of the original quarter rings.<br />
<br />
===== Acorn Nuts/Tie Rods =====<br />
Some of the earlier tall fin signals used large, ornate brass and steel "acorn nuts" to cap the tie rods, sealed with a lead washer. These are faux nuts, however, not of a standard Imperial wrench size and barely fitting a suitable metric wrench, these were actually formed stampings that appear to have been swaged onto standard steel hex nuts. The remainder, and newer Eaglelux signals used standard high-profile acorn nuts without any fancy stamping or machining assembly required. Split lock washers and lead sealing washers were still in use though.<br />
<br />
===== Screws =====<br />
At some point in the production run, Eagle experimented with that new for 1934 device, the Phillips screw. This appears to be short lived, as only a few Eagleluxes have been seen without slotted screws, and by the time of the rodded flatback slotted screws were again in use. Perhaps this was around 1950 when the patent was revoked and the screw, ubiquitous to the market now, was first available cheaply to the masses.<br />
<br />
===== Visors =====<br />
Both cap and tunnel visors were popular accessories, it is presumable full circles and other variants were available as well. The earliest of visors are believed to have been made of rolled aluminum sheet, with the visor tabs being heavy brass L-brackets with one rivet into the visor and screwed to the signal in a conventional manner. The remaining visors kept to the simpler design of a rolled sheet with a folded up tab to bolt to the signal. Through the years these went through both small, thin tabs with a drilled hole and larger modern type tabs with a slot to allow easier installation and removal.<br />
<br />
===== Hinge Pins =====<br />
Rounded Rivet-Pins were used on some signals, while others a Flat-Headed Pin e.g. "Nail" were used instead.<br />
<br />
===== Odd variations =====<br />
As with most manufacturers of the time, signals were available by special order with modified designs or materials such as steel, cast iron, and bronze. Here, a surviving pair of signals made of steel are pictured. Note the slight modification to the hinge design. <br />
<br />
===== Eaglelux Photos (Temp Holding Place) =====<br />
<br />
[[Image:Eagle 13C-1940-1941 LC.jpg]]<br />
[[Image:Eagle X13C-1934-1935 LC.jpg]]<br />
<br />
'''Figure: Eaglelux signal, Tall Fin, Post Mount with Finial, Model 13C or X13C.'''<br />
<br />
<br />
[[Image:Eagle 13PwUJ15-1934-1935 LC.jpg]]<br />
<br />
'''Figure: Eaglelux 13P signal with UJ15 horizontal side of pole mount hardware.'''<br />
<br />
<br />
[[Image:Eagle KB63-1937 LC.jpg]]<br />
<br />
'''Figure: Model KB63'''<br />
<br />
<br />
[[Image:Eagle S11A-1940-1941 LC.jpg]]<br />
<br />
'''Figure: Model S11A'''<br />
<br />
<br />
[[Image:Eagle S23A-1937 LC.jpg]]<br />
<br />
'''Figure: Model S23A'''<br />
<br />
<br />
[[Image:Eagle S23C-1940-1941 LC.jpg]]<br />
<br />
'''Figure: Model S23C'''<br />
<br />
<br />
[[Image:Eagle S23I-1940-1941 LC.jpg]]<br />
<br />
'''Figure: Model S23I'''<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
[[Image:Eagle S33G-1940-1941 LC.jpg]]<br />
<br />
'''Figure: Model S33G'''<br />
<br />
<br />
[[Image:Eagle S41E-1940-1941 LC.jpg]]<br />
<br />
'''Figure: Model S41E'''<br />
<br />
<br />
[[Image:Eagle SX33C-1934-1935 LC.jpg]]<br />
<br />
'''Figure: Model SX33C'''<br />
<br />
==== Flatback (Rodded) ====<br />
<br />
<br />
==== Flatback 8" and 12" (Conventional Design) ====<br />
The Flatback model was an evolution of the last rodded signals. The casting was shortened slightly and sealed off on both ends to make a conventional sectional signal. At the same time, the reflector assemblies were simplified to a conventional reflector H-frame design and reflector/socket holder. This reduced the material and assembly required from the older style swingout/latching frames and the need to install additional features inside the housing to accomodate them.<br />
<br />
These signals, when introduced, were known as the KB170, for the eight inch version, and the KB380 for the new 12" signal heads. The models were visually identical, with the exception being dual latches on the 12" model.<br />
<br />
==== Alusig ====<br />
<br />
<br />
==== Durasig ====<br />
<br />
<br />
==== MarkIV ====<br />
<br />
== Pedestrian Signals ==<br />
''describe models, variations [delete]''<br />
<br />
=== Vehicle Heads (Round) ===<br />
<br />
=== Vehicle Heads (Square Door Adapters) ===<br />
<br />
=== Pedestrian/Sign Heads (Rectangular) ===<br />
<br />
Early rectangular pedestrian heads were a modification of standard single faced signal heads. A rectangular reflector adapter was fitted to the front of a standard signal body.<br />
<br />
[[Image:Eagle_worded_ped_WHL.jpg]]<br />
<br />
Figure: Eagle worded pedestrian signal.<br />
<br />
<br />
[[Image:Eagle_worded_ped_interior_WHL.jpg]]<br />
<br />
Figure: Interior view.<br />
<br />
== Informational Signals and Signs ==<br />
''describe models, variations [delete]''<br />
''includes "box signs," "case signs," and Ped Heads with special [non-ped] lenses.<br />
<br />
<br />
== Lenses ==<br />
''describe models, variations [delete]''<br />
<br />
=== Vehicular === <br />
==== Kopp 27 Diamond ====<br />
Early Eaglelux signals often were equipped with Kopp lettered or non-lettered diamond pattern lenses.<br />
<br />
[[Image:Kopp-27 caution WHL.jpg]]<br />
<br />
Figure: Kopp 27 "diamond pattern" lens with command lettering.<br />
<br />
==== Adler Bar Lenses ====<br />
<br />
Adler bar lenses were optional. They were designed for color blind drivers. Red lens - horizontal bar. Amber lens - diagonal bar. Green lens - vertical bar.<br />
<br />
[[Image:Adler_bar_lens_WHL.jpg]]<br />
<br />
Figure: Adler bar lens.<br />
<br />
==== Kopp 88.1 ====<br />
A rare variant of the 88a was the 88 or 88.1 lens. While visually quite similar to the more ubiquitous version, the 88.1 had more of a vertical brick pattern.<br />
[[File:Kopp88LtYellow Obverse Full.jpg.JPG|thumbnail|Yellow Kopp #88]]<br />
<br />
==== Kopp 88a ====<br />
The majority of Eagle signals have featured this lens. These lenses had a very fine beaded pattern that refracted a bright light. Earlier lenses had Eagle's Stop-Go crossed semaphore flag logo prominently molded in the front. In later versions of the Kopp 88a lenses, the crossed flags were replaced with a spread wing eagle inside a square.<br />
<br />
[[Image:Kopp_88-a_WHL.jpg]]<br />
<br />
Figure: Kopp 88a lens (with stop and go flag logo)<br />
<br />
=== Pedestrian ===<br />
<br />
==== Worded ====<br />
<br />
==== Symbols ====<br />
<br />
=== Special ===<br />
<br />
<br />
== Controllers ==<br />
Eagle has manufactured controllers for as long as they have signals. In 1926 they [possibly in the previous company as ESSCO] installed what is claimed to be the first flexible progressive timing system in the loop district of Chicago. By 1931 they were a full line controller company making flexible progressive, limited progressive, coordinated, and isolated controllers.<br />
<br />
Also in the late '20's the famous Co-ordiplex system was developed. This was widely adopted by many of the larger cities from coast to coast entering the 1930's including:<br />
Chicago<br />
L.A.<br />
St. Louis<br />
Spokane & Seattle, WA<br />
Tulsa, OK<br />
New Orleans<br />
Canton, OH<br />
Cambridge, MA<br />
E. Pittsburgh & Bethlehem<br />
Newport, KY<br />
Rochester, NY<br />
Baltimore<br />
<br />
Of special note is their early international reach with both Winnipeg, Manitoba, CAN and Melbourne, AUS using the controllers and in the case of Melbourne at least, Eagle Signals for many years to come.<br />
<br />
Eagle, like most manufacturers, had a few basic cabinet castings over the years, going from small cast metal tombstone style cabinets to larger and more squared off cast aluminum cabinets before the modern stamped and formed stainless steel sheetmetal cabinets to refrigerator sized boxes of today. Each era housed a variety of similar model controllers, the main differences being in functionality and installed accessories. <br />
<br />
=== Early Controllers of the 1930's ===<br />
<br />
==== Fixed Signal Patterns ====<br />
In 1934, with many two-color lights still in service or being installed, Eagle offered the following five fixed controller patterns:<br />
<br />
Three Color Signals<br />
Cycle A - G, GA, R, RA<br />
Cycle B - G, A, R, A<br />
Cycle C - G, GA, R<br />
Cycle D - G, A, R<br />
<br />
Two Color Signals<br />
Cycle E - Red N/S overlaps Red E/W during Change <br />
<br />
====Simplex Traffic Signal Timer====<br />
A name more synonymous with W. S. Darley and timeclocks, the 20's saw Eagle develop the Simplex timer early in traffic signal development. It featured low maintenance, an induction disc drive motor, and heavy contact load ratings. Stop, Go, and the total period are adjustable via sliding scale and dials (Amber-Caution being a byproduct of the red, green and total times). Furnished in both automatic and manual control versions, and in an aluminum weatherproof cabinet.<br />
<br />
The Simplex controller of the 1930's was used for isolated intersections and as the master for a staggered system. The adjustability was for green lights and cycle times (amber was fixed). Contact ratings were 10A per circuit. The dial motors were available in induction disc and Synchronous types. When used with the later, the controller was known as a Synchro-Simplex and was better suited for interconnected operation and was apparently better regulated in timekeeping. These types were reccomended for "intersections within 1000 feet" to allow coordinated movements of traffic. Regardless of motor type, the controller had manual control options and an optional amber flasher.<br />
<br />
[[Image:Eagle Simplex-1931 LC.jpg]]<br />
<br />
'''Image: Simplex timer in aluminum cabinet circa 1931. [Image by LC]'''<br />
<br />
<br />
====Co-oridplex Traffic System====<br />
An interconnected traffic control system with either a dual master switchboard or cabinet controller acting as the master timer while each intersection runs on a local timer connected back to the master with only four wires. <br />
<br />
Can operate as a Simplex controller but designed for the flexible-progressive traffic control method hence the "coordinated" surname. This was designed to have a master controller interconnected to local controllers at each intersection. By adjusting the timing of one intersection or adjusting values of the master controller it was possible to reflect the changes in the streets along that route, allowing a smooth flow and proper intervals to be made years before proper analog computers were in existance! Like the Simplex, these were available in induction disc and synchronous types - the synchronous recommended for more heavy duty traffic applications.<br />
<br />
[[Image:Eagle Co-Ordiplex Local-1931 LC.jpg]]<br />
<br />
'''Image: Co-ordiplex local timer in aluminum cabinet circa 1931. [Image by LC]'''<br />
<br />
<br />
==== Eagle-Senior Controllers ====<br />
These were an early attempt to allow programmability in controllers (as noted previously, most controllers did a forced green-yellow-red with little adjustment between them nor other patterns like left turn arrows, all reds, etc.). With expansion and large intersections in mind they were designed to accomodate 14 circuits and allow 12 timing intervals. They were designed to accomodate flexible-progressive and Co-ordiplex control systems and would operate on a synchronous motor and keep good time so controller interconnection was not necessary. The Senior-Triplex was one of the first three-dial controllers allowing one controller to operate at three different timing patterns.<br />
<br />
<br />
==== Eagle Master Controllers ====<br />
Master controllers were designed to drive the entire flexible progressive system. Their functions were to keep all local controllers in time with each other, adjusting the total cycle time for the system, and finally to serve as an overall signal control - setting nighttime flash mode, emergency street clearance, etc.<br />
<br />
<br />
==== Actuated Controllers ====<br />
Eagle claimed a "liscensed list of an imposing list of patents" for actuated controllers. While they do not go into detail, by 1935 they were incorporating this into their flexible-progressive systems.<br />
<br />
<br />
==== Eagle-Junior Beacon Flashers ====<br />
These were described as small, ball bearing movement flashers. The motors were of induction type with cotton windings. Silver was used for the contact points. "Years of maintenance free operation"<br />
<br />
<br />
====Vario Three-Period Timer====<br />
Designed for three-street intersections with independant "Go" periods for each street once per cycle with "a customary traffic change period" before each change in traffic. The amber period is also independently adjustable. Comes in aluminum cabinet.<br />
<br />
[[Image:Eagle VarioThreePeriod-1931 LC.jpg]]<br />
<br />
'''Image: Vario three-period timer in aluminum cabinet circa 1931. [Image by LC]'''<br />
<br />
<br />
=== Photos Temp ===<br />
==== Co-Ordiplex Demand Controller ====<br />
[[Image:Eagle Co-OrdiplexDemand-1940-1941 LC.jpg]]<br />
<br />
'''Figure: Eagle Co-Ordiplex Demand Controller'''<br />
<br />
<br />
==== ED19 Auto/Man. Induction Type Simplex ====<br />
[[Image:Eagle ED19-1934-1935 LC.jpg]]<br />
<br />
'''Figure: Eagle ED19 automatic and manual induction type Simplex controller circa 1934-1935. [Image by LC]'''<br />
<br />
<br />
==== EH1 Induction Type Master Controller ====<br />
[[Image:Eagle EH1-1934-1935 LC.jpg]]<br />
<br />
'''Figure: EH1 Induction type master controller circa 1934-1935. [Image by LC]'''<br />
<br />
<br />
==== EH4 Duplex Induction Type Master Controller====<br />
[[Image:Eagle EH4-1934-1935 LC.jpg]]<br />
<br />
'''Figure: EH4 Duplex induction type master controller circa 1934-1941. [Image by LC]'''<br />
<br />
<br />
==== EH60 Synchronous Master Controller ====<br />
[[Image:Eagle EH60-1934-1935 LC.jpg]]<br />
[[Image:Eagle EH60-1940-1941 LC.jpg]]<br />
<br />
'''Figure: EH60 Synchronous master controller circa 1934-1941. [Image by LC]'''<br />
<br />
<br />
==== EK41 Auto/Man. Co-ordiplex Controller ====<br />
[[Image:Eagle EK41-1934-1935 LC.jpg]]<br />
<br />
'''Figure: EK41 Automatic and manual co-ordiplex controller circa 1934-1935. [Image by LC]'''<br />
<br />
<br />
==== EK400 TBD ====<br />
[[Image:Eagle EK400-1937 LC.jpg]]<br />
<br />
'''Figure: EK400'''<br />
<br />
<br />
==== EK658 Co-ordiplex Controller ====<br />
[[Image:Eagle EK658-1934-1935 LC.jpg]]<br />
<br />
'''Figure: EK658 shown without covers and removed from cabinet. Circa 1934-1935. [Image by LC]'''<br />
<br />
<br />
==== EKS70 Co-ordiplex controller ====<br />
[[Image:Eagle EKS70-1934-1935 LC.jpg]]<br />
<br />
'''Figure: EKS70 Co-ordiplex controller shown with dial cover open. Circa 1934-1935. [Image by LC]'''<br />
<br />
<br />
==== EKS71 Eagle-Senior Three Dial Controller ====<br />
[[Image:Eagle EKS71-1934-1935 LC.jpg]]<br />
<br />
'''Figure: EKS71 Eagle-Senior three dial controller without mechanisim cover. Circa 1934-1935. [Image by LC]'''<br />
<br />
<br />
==== HT4 Junior Flasher & EL42 Cabinet ====<br />
[[Image:Eagle HT4-1934-1935 LC.jpg]]<br />
<br />
'''Figure: HT4 Eagle-Junior flasher with RFI filter. Cabinet shown is EL42. Circa 1934-1935. [Image by LC]'''<br />
<br />
<br />
==== HT14 TBD ====<br />
[[Image:Eagle HT14-1937 LC.jpg]]<br />
<br />
'''Figure: HT14'''<br />
<br />
<br />
==== LA1 Jack Mounted Relay ====<br />
[[Image:Eagle LA1-1934-1935 LC.jpg]]<br />
<br />
'''Figure: LA1 Jack mouted relay, one of 75 types available. Circa 1934-1935. [Image by LC]'''<br />
<br />
<br />
==== Simplex TBD ====<br />
[[Image:Eagle Simplex-1940-1941 LC.jpg]]<br />
<br />
'''Figure: Simplex'''<br />
<br />
<br />
==== Synchro Simplex TBD ====<br />
[[Image:Eagle Synchro Simplex-1940-1941 LC.jpg]]<br />
<br />
'''Figure: Synchro Simplex'''<br />
<br />
<br />
==== A2 TBD ====<br />
[[Image:Eagle TypeA2-1940-1941 LC.jpg]]<br />
<br />
'''Figure: TypeA2'''<br />
<br />
<br />
==== A TBD ====<br />
[[Image:Eagle TypeA-1940-1941 LC.jpg]]<br />
<br />
'''Figure: TypeA'''<br />
<br />
==== Eagle Programmable Actuated Console (EPAC) ====<br />
<br />
'''EPAC 300 M10 Series'''<br />
<br />
'''EPAC 300 M30 Series'''<br />
<br />
'''EPAC 300 M40 Series'''<br />
<br />
'''EPAC M50 Series'''<br />
<br />
==== Eagle Programmable Interval Console (EPIC) ====<br />
<br />
==== Monitor And Report Console (MARC) ====<br />
<br />
==== Ramp Metering Console (RMC) ====<br />
<br />
== Hardware ==<br />
''this would include any kind of mounting hardware including brackets, slipfitters, hangers, bases, etc. [delete]''<br />
<br />
<br />
== Restored Examples ==<br />
<br />
[[Image:Eagle 43E WHL.jpg]]<br />
<br />
Eagle (Eaglelux) Type 43E with Kopp 27 lenses. (Willis Lamm Collection)<br />
<br />
<br />
[[Image:Eagle_kb63_WHL.jpg]]<br />
<br />
Eagle (Eaglelux) KB63 with two original Adler lenses. (Willis Lamm Collection)<br />
<br />
<br />
[[Image:Eagle_rfb_WHL.jpg]]<br />
<br />
Eagle "rodded flat back" single face signal with Kopp 88a lenses. (Willis Lamm Collection)<br />
<br />
<br />
[[Image:Eagle_fb_WHL.jpg]]<br />
<br />
Eagle "flat back" single face signal with 12 inch red section. (Willis Lamm Collection)<br />
<br />
== Relevant Patents ==<br />
''Patent numbers relevant to this MFR or signals specifically. Not just every patent by company X.''<br />
<br />
<br />
== References ==<br />
Eagle Signal/Danaher Industrial Controls<br />
<br />
ITS Siemens Corporate History<br />
<br />
Business Wire, Jan 9, 1997</div>SchoolcraftSignalhttps://wiki.highwaydivides.com/index.php?title=File:Kopp88LtYellow_Obverse_Full.jpg.JPG&diff=2378File:Kopp88LtYellow Obverse Full.jpg.JPG2016-05-28T17:46:17Z<p>SchoolcraftSignal: Front view of a Kopp #88 Light yellow Eagle lens</p>
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<div>Front view of a Kopp #88 Light yellow Eagle lens</div>SchoolcraftSignalhttps://wiki.highwaydivides.com/index.php?title=File:Yellow_88_Lens.jpeg&diff=2377File:Yellow 88 Lens.jpeg2016-05-28T13:44:04Z<p>SchoolcraftSignal: Front View of a Kopp #88 yellow lens.</p>
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<div>Front View of a Kopp #88 yellow lens.</div>SchoolcraftSignalhttps://wiki.highwaydivides.com/index.php?title=File:88_yellow_lens.jpeg&diff=2376File:88 yellow lens.jpeg2016-05-28T13:38:07Z<p>SchoolcraftSignal: Front View of a Kopp #88 yellow lens.</p>
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<div>Front View of a Kopp #88 yellow lens.</div>SchoolcraftSignalhttps://wiki.highwaydivides.com/index.php?title=3M&diff=23753M2016-05-27T18:51:27Z<p>SchoolcraftSignal: </p>
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<div>[[Category:Manufacturer]]<br />
[[Category:Signals]]<br />
[[Category:Control]]<br />
[[Category:Lenses]]<br />
<br><br />
<font size="3">'''''This page is a work in progress!'''''</font> <br><br />
<br />
<br />
=3M Brand=<br />
From 1969 to 2007, 3M produced signals and adapters designed to enhance signal visibility to both drivers and pedestrians. Their most iconic and well-known product is the [[#M-131 Programmable Visibility Signal|M-131]].<br />
<br />
=Products=<br />
<br />
==Full Vehicle Signals (12")==<br />
<br />
===M-123 Programmable Visibility Prototype Signal===<br />
[[File:3mm123engine10.jpg|200px|thumb|left|3M M-123 paired with an 8" [[Checker]]. <br>(Photos by [[User:Engine10|Engine10.]])]]<br />
<br />
The M-123 was the first traffic signal ever made by 3M. They were most likely made a few years before 1969. It's original purpose was to have "high visibility"; more fully-lit and easier-to-see indications. It could also be used for "programmable visibility", which means the viewing area of the signal can be limited down to single lane.<br><br />
This signal was a prototype. It is known as an early version of the [[#M-131 Programmable Visibility Signal|M-131]]. The [[#M-131 Programmable Visibility Signal|M-131]] signals are nearly identical to these; 3M sold them to cities that liked the idea and wanted to test them out. 3M tested them and made improvements as they saw fit. Finally, 3M released their final product as the all-new [[#M-131 Programmable Visibility Signal|M-131]] signal and began expanding their product line. <br>The main visible difference is that the rear lamp door/housing was cone-shaped, unlike the [[#M-131 Programmable Visibility Signal|M-131]]'s more faceted version The M-123's doors had the 2 hinges on top and the 2 wingnuts on the bottom instead of on either side. M-123s didn't have latches to secure the lenses, so they were prone to falling out if the door was opened. The tilt adjusters were on the front corners of the signal housing instead of on the connector. Finally, they were sand-casted, and somewhat heavier than M-[[#M-131 Programmable Visibility Signal|M-131]]s. <br />
<br clear=all><br />
'''Lenses''' <br><br />
These were available with the following lenses:<br />
* Red Ball<br />
* Yellow Ball<br />
* Green Ball <br />
* Green Arrow<br />
<br clear=all><br />
<br />
==='''M-131 Programmable Visibility Signal'''===<br />
[[File:3M.jpg|200px|thumb|left|3M M-131 signal <br>(Image by [[User:Signal-in-the-box|signal-in-the-box]])]]<br />
[[File:3Mback.jpg|200px|thumb|right|3M M-131 signal <br>(Image by [[User:Signal-in-the-box|signal-in-the-box]])]]<br />
[[File:3Ms Charlottesville.jpg|200px|thumb|left|3M M-131 signals <br>(Image by [[User:Signal-in-the-box|signal-in-the-box]])]]<br />
[[File:3Ms Charlottesville 2jpg.jpg|200px|thumb|right|3M M-131 signals <br>(Image by [[User:Signal-in-the-box|signal-in-the-box]])]]<br />
[[File:3M Back Collage.png|200px|thumb|left|3M Back <br>(Image by [[User:3Mfanatic|3Mfanatic]] on [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=V_CLkVh0P9I YouTube])]]<br />
[[File:3MM131HVS.jpg|200px|thumb|right|3M 131 Marketing Photo]]<br />
[[File:3M Inside Collage.png|200px|thumb|left|3M Inside <br>(Image by [[User:3Mfanatic|3Mfanatic]] on [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=V_CLkVh0P9I YouTube])]]<br />
[[File:3M Logos.png|200px|thumb|left|Newer logo (left) compared to older logo (right)]]<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
<br><br />
'''''<u>[[#131overview|Overview]]</u><nowiki />, <u>[[#131construction|Construction]]</u><nowiki />, <u>[[#131lenses|Lenses]]</u><nowiki />, <u>[[#131masking|Masking Process]]</u><nowiki />, <u>[[#131uses|Uses/Advantages]]</u><nowiki />, <u>[[#131disadvantages|Disadvantages]]</u>'''''<br />
<br><br />
<br />
<br><br />
<div id="131overview"><u>'''~Overview~'''</u></div><br />
<br><br />
3M, the same company that makes well-known everyday products such as Scotch tape, entered the traffic control industry in 1969 with High-Visibility signals. These lights were unlike any other at the time in both design and operation. The most noticeable features are the square lenses and futuristic-looking housing. The also had special capabilities, such as High Visibility (giving a fuller, clearer indication) and, most notably, Programmable Visibility (being able to limit the viewing area to as little as a single lane). After modifying the [[#M-123 Programmable Visibility Prototype Signal|M-123 prototype signal]], 3M released the [[#M-131 Programmable Visibility Signal|M-131]] in 1969 and produced them until 2007 with only a few changes. <br />
<br />
<br><br><br />
<div id="131construction"><u>'''~Construction~'''</u></div><br />
<br><br />
On the back of a 3M signal, there is a door; while most signals only have a front door, these signals are so large it is much easier to have two. This door serves as the access point and housing of the bulb. The bulb is a PAR 46 lamp, which has the filament and reflector all in one sealed piece, similar to those used in older car headlights and flood lights. The bulb is plugged into a socket back of the door, and is held in place with a metal retainer ring with a hinge and latch. While even in it's final years no LED lamps were offered by 3M, 3rd parties such as [[Leotek]] and [[Electro-Tech's]] did offer specialized LED lamps for programmable visibility signals. Using them may require the photocell dimming unit to be turned off, as they can't be dimmed like the PAR 46 bulbs. The photocell dimming unit is a light sensor which controls the brightness of the bulb depending on the outside brightness (bright daylight = maximum brightness, nighttime = low brightness). The back plug of the photocell dimming unit can be seen on the outside back of the signal, in the bottom right corner. <br />
<br><br />
One the bottom right inside the door, there is a plug for the bulb which connects to the main housing. It only connects when the door is closed so the light turns off when the door is opened, preventing a service technician or anyone opening it from being blinded if the signal is still on. In the top right corner of the main housing behind the door, you will find the ID tag. The ID tag includes the [[#131serial|serial number]], of which each individual section of every signal had one.<br />
<br><br />
Behind the door on the back of the main housing, there is a lens hole. In front of it, held on by two thumb screws, is a diffusing lens. This lens is what is responsible for distributing the light evenly, helping to give the 3M signal its clearer, brighter, [[#131uses|"High Visibility"]] indication. Around the diffusing lens is an aluminum collar that extends outward, to give a more direct path for the light from the bulb to the lens. <br />
<br><br />
Behind the diffuser, inside the hole, the is another lens. This one, called the optical limiter, is a clear lens. This is where the special optical masking tape (that comes with signal) is applied to [[#131uses|limit the visibility]]. <br />
<br><br />
Inside the signal's main housing from the front, there isn't too much to it. You can see the front of the optical limiter lens. Around the lens hole is where all of the wiring runs and connects to the terminal block. It is all covered by a wire shield held in by 2 screws (one on the top and one on the bottom), which is black like the inside of the housing. On the front of the signal is the door. This is a thin frame that has two hinges on the left side and two latches on the right. It holds the [[#131lenses|lens]] inside of it with four latches, one in each corner. Read more about the lenses below. On the front, it has four screw holes, one in each corner, where the visor is attached.<br />
<br><br />
The top and bottom of each section have connectors where the wires run through. These also control the angle of tilt - due to the precise aiming required by 3M signals, each section must be tilted individually (and all sections should have the same degree of tilt). There are two bolts on each connector, one on each side, which are put into different holes to achieve specific degrees of tilt; there are 6 holes in a line on each side, starting at 0 and going to 10 in increments of two.<br />
<br><br />
The signal housing, including the doors and visors, is made of aluminum. Signal color could be specified when ordering; options included yellow, green and black. There were some parts that were always the same color, though: the inside of the housing was always black; the door frame was always black; and the photocell dimmer plug was always yellow.<br />
<br><br><br />
Some design issues were changed over the course of production. An incomplete list includes:<br />
* '''Dimmer''' - The photocell dimmer and associated wiring was changed to support a larger-wattage resistor, housed in the back door. The dimmer was changed from PCD-111 to PCD-111A.<br />
* '''Bulb Plug''' - The bulb plug connecting the back door to the main housing always had 3-prongs, but originally it only used 2 of them. When the larger-wattage resistor for the dimmer was added in the door, the 3rd prong was used for that connection.<br />
* '''Housing Mold''' - The corners (around the hinges) and support ridges (on the top and bottom at the front) were modified at some point. <br />
* '''Logo''' - 3M's logo, displayed on the back of the back door, was changed at some point.<br />
* '''Diffuser Lens Collar''' - The aluminum collar around the diffuser lens was originally longer, but not too long after production began it was shortened.<br />
* '''Main Lens Corners''' - Older [[#131lenses|lenses]] were formed and have round corners, while newer [[#131lenses|lenses]] were made completely square and then had the corners trimmed off.<br />
<br />
<br><br><br />
<div id="131lenses"><u>'''~Lenses~'''</u></div><br />
<br><br />
The lenses in 3M signals are unique in appearance because they're square, and they're even more unique in operation. The are made of plastic and have a frensel pattern on the inside. This greatly magnifies the light going through it, which is very important for the [[#131masking|masking process]]. The black mask is printed on the inside, outside, or on both sides of the lens, and determined what shape it shows when illuminated. Also unlike typical lenses, these could be rotated (in increments of 90°, of course) as needed. <br />
<br><br />
Older lenses were formed and have round corners, while newer lenses were made completely square and then had the corners trimmed off. All lenses had a number stamped onto the outer side, possibly a production run number, while they also had one on the inner side, possibly showing part number or revision of the fresnel design.<br />
<br />
<br />
Here is the list of known lenses for M-131 signals:<br />
<br><br />
[[File:3mweighstationpyth.jpg|200px|thumb|right|3M M-131 with special weigh station lenses. Photo by Pyth.]]<br />
<br />
{| class="wikitable" margin="5px"<br />
|-<br />
|<u>'''Standard'''</u><br />
|<u>'''Special***'''</u><br />
|-<br />
|'''''Balls'''''<br />
* Red<br />
* Yellow<br />
* Green<br />
'''''Arrows (90°; Left, Right, Upwards, or Downwards*)'''''<br />
* Red<br />
* Yellow<br />
* Green<br />
'''''Diagonal Arrows (45°; Leftward Rightward)'''''<br />
* Red (long head)<br />
* Yellow (long head)<br />
* Green (long head)<br />
* Red (short head)**<br />
* Yellow (short head)**<br />
* Green (short head)**<br />
|'''''Light Rail Symbols'''''<br />
* Clear Straight Line (Vertical or Horizontal)<br />
* Clear Diagonal Line (Leftward or Rightward)<br />
* Clear Arrow (Left, Right, Upwards, or Downwards)<br />
* Clear "T"<br />
* Red "T"<br />
* Yellow "T"<br />
* Green "T"<br />
* Red "BUS"<br />
* Yellow "BUS"<br />
* Green "BUS"<br />
'''''Quebec Shapes'''''<br />
* Red Square <br />
* Yellow Diamond<br />
'''''Special Worded'''''<br />
* <nowiki>[There are a few known signals with custom-ordered worded lenses, often at weigh stations.]</nowiki><br />
|}<br />
<br><br />
<nowiki>* Downwards green arrows were only used for ramp metering</nowiki><br />
<br><br />
<nowiki>** Short head diagonal arrows are rare compared to the long head arrows, and their exact origin is unknown - it's believed they were an early version of 3M diagonal arrow</nowiki><br />
<br><br />
<nowiki>*** These are special lenses that were used occasionally in 3M signals, but were not standard</nowiki><br />
<br />
<br><br><br />
[[File:3MMasking.jpg|200px|thumb|right|3M 131 Masking Demonstration]]<br />
[[File:3M Masking.png|200px|thumb|right|These images from the 3M masking video show the steps for masking a 3M signal for a single turn lane.]]<br />
<div id="131masking"><u>'''~Masking Process~'''</u></div><br />
<br><br />
The masking process begins by looking straight through the optical limiter lens through the back of the signal. You can see the roadway that the signal is facing. Because it is a convex lens, the roadway will appear flipped 180°. With special optical masking tape that comes with the signal, you cover the areas of the road that you see through the lens for which you don't want the signal to be visible. Yes, it look all flipped around - but just like what you see through it is flipped, so will be the light that comes out, so it all works out in the end. The tape needs to be perfectly flat on the glass with no air bubbles to work properly. You can see videos explaining the masking process [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=gdRnD4Yy92k here (part 1)] and [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=LsDN5pnDEWU here (part 2)].<br><br />
This works because the [[#131lenses|main front lens]] has a fresnel pattern. This greatly magnifies the the light behind it. So instead of just looking like a partly lit lens, you see a zoomed-in portion of that, either the lit or the masked part depending on where you are. Think of it like scrolling around on a zoomed in image.<br />
<br />
[[File:3M Charlottesville Angles.jpg|250px|thumb|left|3M M-131 signals shown from both viewing angles <br>(Image by [[User:Signal-in-the-box|signal-in-the-box]])]]<br />
<br><br><br />
<div id="131uses"><u>'''~Uses/Advantages~'''</u></div><br />
<br><br />
'''''PROGRAMMABLE VISIBILITY'''''<br />
* '''Viewing Area Limiting'''<br />
With PV signals, you can limit the viewing area to anywhere from one approach at an intersection to a single lane at that approach. This is ideal for skewed intersections, where you could see the traffic signals of a different approach; turn signals, that cycle independently and might distract through traffic; divided intersections, where some lanes are signalized while others aren't; ramp metering, where each lane's signal cycles independently; and signals for bus/transit lanes, that might confuse vehicle traffic.<br />
<br><br />
This is accomplished by applying optical masking tape to one or both sides of the optical limiter lenses. See more on the [[#131masking|masking process]] above.<br />
* '''Viewing Distance Limiting'''<br />
Another feature of these signals is the ability to limit the distance of the visibility. This is ideal for multiple intersections that are very close to each other. Drivers might look ahead and see signals showing green at the wrong intersection, which can cause confusion and accidents.<br />
<br><br />
Distance limiting is accomplished by applying optical masking tape to the bottom of the optical limiter lens (it's applied to the bottom, not the top, because the light flips 180° when it travels through the lens). See more about the [[#131masking|masking process]] above.<br />
<br><br><br />
[[File:3M Comparison.png|275px|thumb|right|These images from the [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=2Pdh6yk258A 3M promotional video] compare the 3M signal display quality to that of a normal traffic signal]]<br />
'''''HIGH VISIBILITY'''''<br />
* '''Fuller Indication'''<br />
The 3M PV signal is also made to have fuller, clearer indications. The diffusing lens inside evenly distributes the lights, and the [[#131lenses|front lens]] has a fresnel pattern which magnifies the light and makes it appear even clearer. <br />
<br><br />
There is no bulb "hot spot" on the lens. And since the whole lens is lit at its fullest, it can be seen better and from farther away (within the programmed visibility limits, of course).<br />
* '''No Sun Phantoming'''<br />
Sun phantoming is a condition with traffic signals where the sun shines in through the lens, reflects of the reflectors and shines back out the lens, making all indications appear to be lit even when they aren't. This can be a serious problem at major intersections. <br />
<br><br />
In a 3M signal, because it would have to go through 4 lenses (including the cover of the PAR 46 bulb), into the bulb's small reflector and back out, there is little opportunity for that to happen.<br />
<br />
<br><br><br />
<div id="131disadvantages"><u>'''~Disadvantages~'''</u></div><br />
<br><br />
* 3M signals were far more expensive than regular traffic signals. To achieve visibility limiting, many places opted to simply attach louvers on their existing signals. Though they couldn't limit the visibility as extensively, and they also block some of the light output even for the direction they face.<br />
* 3M signals used PAR 46 bulbs, similar to those used in flood lights. They have shorter lives, higher temperatures, and are considerably more expensive than regular light bulbs.<br />
* 3M signals were also heavy; a 3-section 3M weighs around 65 pounds, 15 heavier than a typical traffic light. This made installation difficult. 3M made it slightly better by having a terminal block in every section instead of just one, so they could wire it it out through any section depending on how they are installed.<br />
* And, while 3M was the first to create such a signal, in more recent years (as early as 1997) they have had some competition. [[#McCain Programmable Visibility Signals|McCain Traffic]] and [[Intelight]] (previously [[OptiSoft]]) both make programmable visibility signals. <br>The [[McCain]] PV Signal was developed in early 2000s, and is nearly identical in design to 3M PV signals. Many parts are interchangeable with the M-131 as well, including the Light Shield, Diffusing Lens, Masking Lens, Bulbs (LED or Incandescent), and Wire Terminals. McCain's PV signals use round lenses (overcoming one of the drawbacks to 3M's square lenses) and they use standard 12" visors which makes them easier to replace.<br>Intelight signals are very different in design but utilize the latest LED technology, which makes far better in that regard.<br>This competition is part of the reason behind declining sales which led to 3M dropping out of the traffic signal industry in 2007.<br />
<br />
<br><br><br />
<div id="131serial"><u>'''~Serial Numbers~'''</u></div><br />
<br><br />
All 3M signals were given a serial number. A small decal, about 1" x 2" in size, was placed on the back of the housing inside the back door. A serial number was stamped onto this decal. Many lights were given sequential numbers for each head - i.e. Red would be "100", Yellow then "101", and Green "102". There were at least four versions of the decal, with the two common being known as the 'Old Style' and 'New Style'.<br />
<br />
[[3M_ID_Numbers|<u>A list of known serial numbers owned by collectors can be found here</u>]].<br />
<br><br><br><br><br><br><br />
<br clear=all><br />
<br />
===M-131R "Bimodal" (Ball/Arrow) Signal===<br />
[[File:M131R Stages.png|120px|thumb|left|Different views that a driver could see approaching an M-131R lens. <br>(Image by [[User:Coytll|coytll]])]]<br />
[[File:131R.jpg|thumb|right|The M-131R signal <br>(Image by [[User:Coyttl|coyttl]])]]<br />
[[File:131R Lens.jpg|thumb|right|The M-131R lens from the inside <br>(Image by [[User:Coyttl|coyttl]])]]<br />
This is a unique signal; nothing quite like it has ever been made. It features what appears to be a ball indication from a distance, but as you get closer, it turns into an arrow. (3M called this a "bimodal" signal, though normally bimodal only refers to indications that change color.)<br />
<br><br><br />
Here's how it works:<br />
<br><br />
The portion of the ball surrounding the arrow on the lens features the normal 3M fresnel pattern to it, which magnifies the light. The arrow part, however, has a prismatic pattern, which reflects light out in every direction. Because of this, where the signal is masked off like normal and you can't see the ball, you can still see the arrow. <br />
<br><br />
Unlike the PV signals, you don't want to limit the visibility; in fact, the purpose of this is to extend it (arrows can sometimes be difficult to see from far away, which is a problem this signal solves). Instead, the masking is done just to set the point of proximity at which the indication appears to change. This is done by applying masking tape to the top of the optical limiter lens, so that direct light does not shine out as you get close to the signal (since the light flips 180° as it passes through). Since only direct light can pass through in the ball area, that part appears dark. The arrow portion, with its prismatic texture, takes the light coming from the bottom of the lens and sends it out in all directions, so it can still be seen. <br />
<br><br />
From far away, when the arrow and surrounding area are lit, it looks like a normal ball (though you may be able to see the faint outline of an arrow).<br />
<br><br><br />
The housing of these signal sections are identical to the [[#M-131 Programmable Visibility Signals|M-131 signals]], except that they have different connectors. To get the right viewing angle, these signals must be mounted with a tilt angle of 0°. These connectors are at 0° and can't be adjusted.<br />
<br><br><br />
Because of the specific horizontal-lined texture in the arrow, the lens would not work correctly if rotated (except for in 180° increments. Different lenses had to be made for turn arrows and vertical arrows. Here is a list of the '''<u>known versions that were made</u>''':<br />
* Green Upwards Arrow + Ball<br />
* Red Turn Arrow + Ball<br />
It is likely that left/right, upwards, left diagonal, and right diagonal versions in red or green could be custom-ordered, though none other than those listed are known to exist (most likely not in yellow for obvious reasons). 3M only advertised the green upwards arrow version, but the red turn arrow version exists (albeit rare) in California.<br />
<br />
<br><br><br />
<br clear=all><br />
<br />
===M-133 "Dual-Indication" (Green/Yellow) Programmable Visibility Signal===<br />
The 3M "dual indication" signal is what would generally be called a Bimodal arrow by most people in the traffic industry. In one section, it can switch between a green and yellow arrow. While this would be accomplished with fiber-optics in normal signals, that would not work for programmable visibility signals, so 3M's system was much more complicated.<br />
<br><br />
The M-133 housing was identical to that of the [[#M-131 Programmable Visibility Signals|M-131 signal]], with the exception of an extra attachment on the side that houses a motor. The signal is masked and the tilt is set in exactly the same way. The only difference is the way it functions.<br />
<br><br />
The front arrow lens is clear. Insides the housing, where there would normally be empty space, is a round lens held in place by wheels that are attached to the motor. Half of it is green and half of it is yellow. There is a black cover behind the bottom half of the lens, so only one color is exposed at a time. When the protected turn phase starts, the light turns on with the green half of the lens showing. When the phase is over, the motor kicks in and quickly spins the lens so the yellow have is showing. The transition is fast and fairly smooth. After the yellow clearance phase is completed, the light goes out and the motor spins the lens (at a slower speed) back into the green position, awaiting the next arrow phase.<br />
<br />
===M-XXX "Bimodal Doghouse" Signal===<br />
This signal had the same function as a doghouse, but in a 3-section signal. The top section was a red ball, the middle section was a 'maunual' bimodal yellow ball/arrow, and the bottom section was a 'manual' bimodal green ball/arrow. The 'manual' bimodal was different from the M-131R bimodal because it switched from arrow to ball manually, not based on proximity.<br />
<br><br />
Nothing is known about have it worked. It likely never made it past the experimental phase, and was never sold on the market.<br />
<br />
==Full Pedestrian Signals (12")==<br />
<br />
===M-131 Programmable Visibility Pedestrian Signal===<br />
[[File:3M-131-Ped3.JPG|200px|thumb|left|3M M-131 Pedestrian Signal <br>(Image by [[User:Signal-in-the-box|signal-in-the-box]])]]<br />
[[File:3M-131-Ped2.JPG|300px|thumb|right|3M M-131 Pedestrian Signal <br>(Image by [[User:Signal-in-the-box|signal-in-the-box]])]]<br />
[[File:3M-131-Ped1.JPG|200px|thumb|right|3M M-131 Pedestrian Signal <br>(Image by [[User:Signal-in-the-box|signal-in-the-box]])]]<br />
This M-131 PV pedestrian signal is exactly the same as the [[#M-131 Programmable Visibility Signal|<u>M-131 vehicle signal</u>]], except with different lenses.<br />
<br />
'''Lenses'''<br><br />
The following lenses were available for these signals:<br />
* Portland Orange HAND Symbol<br />
* Lunar White MAN Symbol<br />
* Portland Orange "DONT WALK"<br />
* Lunar White "WALK"<br />
* Red "DONT WALK"<br />
* Green "WALK"<br />
<br />
<br clear=left><br />
<br />
===M-132 Dynamic Programmable Visibility Pedestrian Signal===<br />
[[File:M-132 1.jpg|200px|thumb|left|3M M-132 Dynamic Pedestrian Signal <br>(Image by [[User:RYGDWW|RYGDWW]])]]<br />
[[File:M-132 2.jpg|200px|thumb|left|3M M-132 Dynamic Pedestrian Signal <br>(Image by [[User:RYGDWW|RYGDWW]])]]<br />
[[File:M-132 3.jpg|200px|thumb|right|3M M-132 Dynamic Pedestrian Signal <br>(Image by [[User:RYGDWW|RYGDWW]])]]<br />
[[File:M-132 4.jpg|200px|thumb|left|3M M-132 Dynamic Pedestrian Signal <br>(Image by [[User:RYGDWW|RYGDWW]])]]<br />
[[File:M-132 5.jpg|200px|thumb|right|3M M-132 Dynamic Pedestrian Signal <br>(Image by [[User:RYGDWW|RYGDWW]])]]<br />
<br />
<big>---IN PROGRESS---</big><br />
<br />
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<br />
==Vehicle Signal Adapters (8")==<br />
<br />
===SA-130A Programmable Visibility Adapter===<br />
[[File:3M SA-130.jpg|200px|thumb|left|An all-3M adaptor signal. (Image by [https://www.flickr.com/photos/busman_49/7489369482 busman_49])]]<br />
[[File:3m8inpyth.JPG|200px|thumb|right|The adapter.]][[File:3m8inmaskedpyth.jpg|300px|thumb|right|A masked adapter.]]<br />
3M never made full 8" traffic signals; however, they did make programmable visibility attachments that can be put on any normal 8" housing. They are mounted in the door, taking the place of the lens & visor, but it utilizes the existing reflector and bulb. A page showing how these attachments are installed can be found [http://highwaydivides.com/showthread.php?998-Installing-an-8-quot-3M-PV-Attachment here].<br><br />
The interior of these attachments is similar to that of 3M's 12" signals. It has a regular lens at the outside end, and a diffusing lens on the inside end. Unlike the 12" signals, though, there is no optical limiter lens (a clear lens where the optical masking tape is applied to limit the area of visibility), so the optical masking tape is put directly on the diffusing lens. It still works in the same way. Finally, on the end of these adapters, a small visor is attached. Without the visor, these adapters are about the same size as normal tunnel visors.<br><br />
<br />
'''Lenses'''<br />
* Red Ball<br />
* Yellow Ball<br />
* Green Ball<br />
* Green Arrow<br />
<br />
(Though they may have been a special order option, no yellow or red arrows are known to have existed.)<br />
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<br />
==Vehicle Signal Internal Converters (12")==<br />
<br />
===M-150 Lens/Reflector System===<br />
[[File:3M M-150 1.jpg|210px|thumb|left|The M-150 System.<br> Image by [[User:Rich192]] ]]<br />
[[File:3M M-150 2.jpg|250px|thumb|right|The M-150 System.<br> Image by [[User:Rich192]] ]]<br />
[[File:3M M-150 4.jpg|210px|thumb|right|The M-150 System.<br> Image by [[User:Rich192]] ]]<br />
[[File:3M M-150 3.jpg|300px|thumb|left|The M-150 System.<br> Image by [[User:Rich192]] ]]<br />
The 3M M-150 Lens & Reflector System was created by 3M to give regular 12" traffic signals some of the [[#M-131 Programmable Visibility Signal|M-131 signal]]'s features.<br><br />
The M-150 is installed almost exactly like a modern LED module. The signal's original socket, reflectors & lens would be removed; the M-150 unit has all of those in it. The wires that went to the original socket are rewired to the back of the unit. It is then fitted into the door just like the lens was.<br><br />
The front extended part is a dual diffusing lens (dome-shaped on the inside, cylinder-shaped on the outside). These inserts offered the High Visibility feature of the [[#M-131 Programmable Visibility Signal|M-131 signal]] (having a fuller, brighter & clearer indication, compared to that of a typical incandescent signal). It did not have the Programmable Visibility feature, because the masking would have to be applied too close to the light source to have the proper effect. These were available in green, yellow, and red balls, and likely all color arrows as well.<br><br />
<br />
DISCONTINUATION:<br><br />
3M discontinued these early on, because they caused an effect called 'sun phantoming', which occurs when the sun shines through the lens and is reflected back out by the reflector, making it look like all indications are lit.<br><br />
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<br />
===PC-310 Signal Intensity Control===<br />
<br />
Nothing is known about this device. It was likely never sold on the market.<br />
<br><br />
Because of the name, it may possibly have been a system for similar to the [[#M-131 Programmable Visibility Signal|M-131's]] photocell dimmer unit, which changes the brightness of the signal depending on the brightness outside.<br />
<br />
==Signal Enlargers==<br />
<br />
<br />
Signal enlarges are attachments mounted on a signal door that expand to fit a larger lens. Around the early 60s, larger signal indications were becoming more popular because visibility was becoming a greater concern. Installing enlargers on a signal was cheaper and easier than replacing it.<br> <br />
3M made 3 lines of signal enlargers; for vehicle signals, round-lens pedestrian signals, and square-lens pedestrian signals. They were all reprimanded for not being built to 3M's strength & quality standards; they were made of thin, lightweight folded sheetmetal with many unsealsed slots on the corners and along the sides. They were mounted in the place of a signal's visor, using the exact same attachments.<br />
<br />
===<u><center>Vehicle Signal to Vehicle Signal</center></u>===<br />
<br />
[[File:3M-Vehicle-to-Vehicle-enlargers.png|top|250px|thumb|right|This image is from the 1975 3M catalog in the [http://signal-archive.d-domains.net/index.php?get_action=open_file&repository_id=848aab5691d621694ec96206dc2b69ca&file=%2F3M%2F3M%2012_'_'%20Signal%20Adapter%20%20SA%20Family%20%20Installation.pdf| document archive] shows the 812 (top) & 810 (bottom) enlargers.]]<br />
[[File:3M-enlargers-diagram.png|top|275px|thumb|left|Diagram of SA-812 from the [http://signal-archive.d-domains.net/index.php?get_action=open_file&repository_id=848aab5691d621694ec96206dc2b69ca&file=%2F3M%2F3M%2012_'_'%20Signal%20Adapter%20%20SA%20Family%20%20Installation.pdf| document archive] ]]<br />
[[File:Marb3Menlarger1.jpg|top|275px|thumb|left|This is an SA-812, picture from http://www.trafficsignalmuseum.com/]]<br />
<br />
These were made to convert the display of typical 8" signals to that of a 12" signal.<br />
====SA-812====<br />
Patented on December 17 1973, this enlarger unit converts a typical 8" signal indication to a 12" indication. The enlarger mounts where the visor would go on the signal's door. It is essentially a box that expands around an 8-inch lens to fit a door with a 12-inch lens.<br><br />
The signal's original 8-inch lens is replaced with a glass diffusing lens. The enlarger is attached in the place of the visor using the visor's screws. It is octagon-shaped where it attaches to the door; as it extends outward, the slanted sides (which are triangle-shaped) become the corners of the square-shaped front. A square lens slides into the lens holder/front door of the unit, which has a 12" circular hole for the indication to shine through. The door then simply slides into place on the front of the enlarger. <br><br />
With this setup, the light shines through the 8" lens, into the enlarger and out the 12" lens, generating a larger and more visible indication with the same amount of light and without having to replace the signal.<br><br />
3M specifically noted that these enlargers would not fit [[Eagle]] Durasig signals or any [[Traffic Signals, Inc.|TSI]] signals. They offered special clips needed when mounting on Crouse-Hinds signals.<br><br />
The name of this product means "'''S'''ignal '''A'''daptor '''-''' '''8''' inch to '''12''' inch"<br />
<br />
<br />
====SA-810====<br />
If enlargers need to be used on two consecutive sections of a signal (for example, the 2 green indications on a 4-section R–Y–G–GA signal), there would not be enough space. The [[#SA-812|SA-812]] 12" enlarger extends slightly over both sections around it in order to... well, enlarge... and you would not be able to fit a second one beneath it.<br><br />
That is what the SA-810 is for; it is designed specifically to fit under an [[#SA-812|SA-812]]. It is almost exactly the same as the [[#SA-812|SA-812]], except that it bends down at the top (instead of up) to fit beneath and match the curvature of the other one. Because of the height limitation, the lens is only 10"x12". And due to that irregular size, they were only available with green left or right arrows. Horizontal arrows are the only indications that would be able to fit while remaining the correct size.<br><br />
The name of this product means "'''S'''ignal '''A'''daptor '''-''' '''8''' inch to '''10''' inch"<br />
<br />
===<u><center>Vehicle Signal to Pedestrian Signal</center></u>===<br />
Though the 3M catalog specifically says these "''are adapters to enlarge 8" vehicle signals to 12" pedestrian signals''", they were most likely designed for round-lens [[Glossary#WAIT-WALK Pedestrian Signal|WAIT-WALK]] pedestrian signals (which used the same housing as vehicle signals).<br />
<br />
====SA-812DW====<br />
This enlarger uses the same body as the [[#SA-812|SA-812]] with the lens & door of a [[#SA-912|SA-912]].<br><br />
<br><br />
The name of this product means "'''S'''ignal '''A'''dapter '''-''' '''8''' inch to '''12''' inch '''D'''ONT '''W'''ALK"<br />
<br />
====SA-810W====<br />
This enlarger uses the same body as the [[#SA-810|SA-810]] with the lens & door of a [[#SA-910|SA-910]].<br><br />
<br><br />
The name of this product means "'''S'''ignal '''A'''dapter '''-''' '''8''' inch to '''10''' inch '''W'''ALK"<br />
<br />
<br><br />
<br />
===<u><center>Pedestrian Signal to Pedestrian Signal</center></u>===<br />
[[File:3M-ped-enlargers-diagram.png|top|275px|thumb|left|Diagram of SA-912 from the [http://signal-archive.d-domains.net/index.php?get_action=open_file&repository_id=848aab5691d621694ec96206dc2b69ca&file=%2F3M%2F3M%2012_'_'%20Signal%20Adapter%20%20SA%20Family%20%20Installation.pdf| document archive's] 3M 1975 catalog.<br>If you notice, this image has 2 mistakes; the dotted signal behind it is a vehicle signal (instead of a pedestrian signal), and the back of the enlarger has an octagon shape (instead of square).]]<br />
[[File:3m ped enlargers 2.jpg|top|300px|thumb|right|3M 910 & 912 Enlargers. They are mounted on an [[Eagle]] Flatback pedestrian signal.]]<br />
[[File:3M-ped-to-ped-enlargers.jpg|top|200px|link=http://www.stamfordadvocate.com/news/article/Committee-hears-testimony-on-tolls-cameras-4307583.php#photo-2547822|thumb|left|This image from http://www.stamfordadvocate.com shows a pedestrian signal with 3M 912 & 910 enlargers in Washington D.C.<br>The signal has since been removed.]]<br />
[[File:3m ped enlargers 1.jpg|200px|thumb|right|3M 910 & 912 Enlargers]]<br />
[[File:3m_007_SSS.jpg|200px|thumb|right|The SA-910 diffusing lens (bottom) next to a normal 9" lens (top), which it would replace.]]<br />
<br />
These were made to convert the display of typical 9" pedestrian signals to that of a 12" pedestrian signal.<br />
<br />
====SA-912====<br />
This enlarger is for the DONT WALK section of a pedestrian signal. The [[#SA-910|SA-910]] is for the WALK section.<br><br />
<br><br />
The enlarger mounts where the visor would go on the signal's door. It is essentially a box that expands around a 9-inch lens to fit a door with a 12-inch lens.<br><br />
The signal's original 9-inch lens is replaced with a clear or colored plastic diffusing lens. The enlarger is attached in the place of the visor using the visor's screws. It is square-shaped at both ends. A square DONT WALK plastic frensel lens with red 4½" lettering slides into the lens holder/front door of the unit, which acts as a frame for the lens. There is a lip around the inside edge of the door frame, to which the new visor attaches. The door then simply slides into place on the front of the enlarger. <br><br />
With this setup, the light shines through the diffusing lens, into the enlarger and out the 12" lens, generating a larger and more visible indication with the same amount of light and without having to replace the pedestrian signal.<br><br />
3M offered specific versions of these adaptors with slightly different attachments to fit Marbelite and Econolite pedestrian signals.<br><br />
The name of this product means "'''S'''ignal '''A'''daptor '''-''' '''9''' inch to '''12''' inch"<br />
<br />
====SA-910====<br />
This enlarger is for the WALK section of a pedestrian signal. The [[#SA-912|SA-912]] is for the DONT WALK section.<br><br />
<br><br />
This enlarger section has a 10"x12" lens. It is smaller because it needs to fit beneath the [[#SA-912|SA-912]] adaptor on a pedestrian signal. The [[#SA-912|SA-912]] (DONT WALK), which is a full 12"x12", extends slightly over the WALK section. In order to match the curvature, the top of this adaptor bends downward, instead of upward like the [[#SA-912|SA-912]]. Other than that, they are exactly the same.<br><br />
The DONT WALK indication needs to be largest because it has two lines of text, and the WALK indication only has one. In a normal signal, the DONT WALK and WALK lenses are the same size, and the WALK has blank space on the top and bottom. That extra space could be cut off and the WALK indication would remain the correct size, which is essentially what was done with these.<br><br />
Like the [[#SA-912|SA-912]], this adaptor is attached where the visor would go on a signal, using the visors screws. The original lens is replaced with a clear or colored plastic diffusing lens. The outer lens, a plastic frensel lens that says WALK in 4½" white lettering, is displayed on the front of the adaptor. <br><br />
The name of this product means "'''S'''ignal '''A'''daptor '''-''' '''9''' inch to '''10''' inch"<br />
<br />
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<br />
==Signs==<br />
<br />
===Reflective===<br />
3M is a leader in the industry of reflective signage and sheeting, in addition to many other road products. You can see them here: http://solutions.3m.com/wps/portal/3M/en_US/NA_roadway/safety/productcatalog/~/Roadway-Safety?N=3293989410+7566298+7584153+8695783+8694413&rt=r3<br />
<br />
===Electronic===<br />
3M made a bimodal, time-programmable lighted sign for roadways. They feature a regular sign on a backboard, with two sign flaps - each a quarter of the length of the sign and a quarter's length from each side end - so that when they're folded in they show one sign and when folded out they show another. It switches displays mechanically based on a time clock. One example of their usage would be an alternative for school zone beacons - they display a reduced school speed limit sign during school hours (when a traditional set of beacons would otherwise be flashing), and a generic school crossing sign during off hours (when the beacons would be off).<br />
<br />
==Other Traffic Products==<br />
<br />
===Opticom===<br />
The traffic opticom for emergency preempt is one of 3M's most common traffic products.<br />
<br />
===License Plates===<br />
Not directly related to traffic equipment, 3M is a leading manufacturer of license plates in the US. They created one of the first methods flat printed license plates, which many states have adopted today.</div>SchoolcraftSignalhttps://wiki.highwaydivides.com/index.php?title=3M&diff=23743M2016-05-27T18:50:50Z<p>SchoolcraftSignal: </p>
<hr />
<div>[[Category:Manufacturer]]<br />
[[Category:Signals]]<br />
[[Category:Control]]<br />
[[Category:Lenses]]<br />
<br><br />
<font size="3">'''''This page is a work in progress!'''''</font> <br><br />
<br />
<br />
=3M Brand=<br />
From 1969 to 2007, 3M produced signals and adapters designed to enhance signal visibility to both drivers and pedestrians. Their most iconic and well-known product is the [[#M-131 Programmable Visibility Signal|M-131]].<br />
<br />
=Products=<br />
<br />
==Full Vehicle Signals (12")==<br />
<br />
===M-123 Programmable Visibility Prototype Signal===<br />
[[File:3mm123engine10.jpg|200px|thumb|left|3M M-123 paired with an 8" [[Checker]]. <br>(Photos by [[User:Engine10|Engine10.]])]]<br />
<br />
The M-123 was the first traffic signal ever made by 3M. They were most likely made a few years before 1969. It's original purpose was to have "high visibility"; more fully-lit and easier-to-see indications. It could also be used for "programmable visibility", which means the viewing area of the signal can be limited down to single lane.<br><br />
This signal was a prototype. It is known as an early version of the [[#M-131 Programmable Visibility Signal|M-131]]. The [[#M-131 Programmable Visibility Signal|M-131]] signals are nearly identical to these; 3M sold them to cities that liked the idea and wanted to test them out. 3M tested them and made improvements as they saw fit. Finally, 3M released their final product as the all-new [[#M-131 Programmable Visibility Signal|M-131]] signal and began expanding their product line. <br>The main visible difference is that the rear lamp door/housing was cone-shaped, unlike the [[#M-131 Programmable Visibility Signal|M-131]]'s more faceted version The M-123's doors had the 2 hinges on top and the 2 wingnuts on the bottom instead of on either side. M-123s didn't have latches to secure the lenses, so they were prone to falling out if the door was opened. The tilt adjusters were on the front corners of the signal housing instead of on the connector. Finally, they were sand-casted, and somewhat heavier than M-[[#M-131 Programmable Visibility Signal|M-131]]s. <br />
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'''Lenses''' <br><br />
These were available with the following lenses:<br />
* Red Ball<br />
* Yellow Ball<br />
* Green Ball <br />
* Green Arrow<br />
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<br />
==='''M-131 Programmable Visibility Signal'''===<br />
[[File:3M.jpg|200px|thumb|left|3M M-131 signal <br>(Image by [[User:Signal-in-the-box|signal-in-the-box]])]]<br />
[[File:3Mback.jpg|200px|thumb|right|3M M-131 signal <br>(Image by [[User:Signal-in-the-box|signal-in-the-box]])]]<br />
[[File:3Ms Charlottesville.jpg|200px|thumb|left|3M M-131 signals <br>(Image by [[User:Signal-in-the-box|signal-in-the-box]])]]<br />
[[File:3Ms Charlottesville 2jpg.jpg|200px|thumb|right|3M M-131 signals <br>(Image by [[User:Signal-in-the-box|signal-in-the-box]])]]<br />
[[File:3M Back Collage.png|200px|thumb|left|3M Back <br>(Image by [[User:3Mfanatic|3Mfanatic]] on [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=V_CLkVh0P9I YouTube])]]<br />
[[File:3MM131HVS.jpg|200px|thumb|right|3M 131 Marketing Photo]]<br />
[[File:3M Inside Collage.png|200px|thumb|left|3M Inside <br>(Image by [[User:3Mfanatic|3Mfanatic]] on [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=V_CLkVh0P9I YouTube])]]<br />
[[File:3M Logos.png|200px|thumb|left|Newer logo (left) compared to older logo (right)]]<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
<br><br />
'''''<u>[[#131overview|Overview]]</u><nowiki />, <u>[[#131construction|Construction]]</u><nowiki />, <u>[[#131lenses|Lenses]]</u><nowiki />, <u>[[#131masking|Masking Process]]</u><nowiki />, <u>[[#131uses|Uses/Advantages]]</u><nowiki />, <u>[[#131disadvantages|Disadvantages]]</u>'''''<br />
<br><br />
<br />
<br><br />
<div id="131overview"><u>'''~Overview~'''</u></div><br />
<br><br />
3M, the same company that makes well-known everyday products such as Scotch tape, entered the traffic control industry in 1969 with High-Visibility signals. These lights were unlike any other at the time in both design and operation. The most noticeable features are the square lenses and futuristic-looking housing. The also had special capabilities, such as High Visibility (giving a fuller, clearer indication) and, most notably, Programmable Visibility (being able to limit the viewing area to as little as a single lane). After modifying the [[#M-123 Programmable Visibility Prototype Signal|M-123 prototype signal]], 3M released the [[#M-131 Programmable Visibility Signal|M-131]] in 1969 and produced them until 2007 with only a few changes. <br />
<br />
<br><br><br />
<div id="131construction"><u>'''~Construction~'''</u></div><br />
<br><br />
On the back of a 3M signal, there is a door; while most signals only have a front door, these signals are so large it is much easier to have two. This door serves as the access point and housing of the bulb. The bulb is a PAR 46 lamp, which has the filament and reflector all in one sealed piece, similar to those used in older car headlights and flood lights. The bulb is plugged into a socket back of the door, and is held in place with a metal retainer ring with a hinge and latch. While even in it's final years no LED lamps were offered by 3M, 3rd parties such as [[Leotek]] and [[Electro-Tech's]] did offer specialized LED lamps for programmable visibility signals. Using them may require the photocell dimming unit to be turned off, as they can't be dimmed like the PAR 46 bulbs. The photocell dimming unit is a light sensor which controls the brightness of the bulb depending on the outside brightness (bright daylight = maximum brightness, nighttime = low brightness). The back plug of the photocell dimming unit can be seen on the outside back of the signal, in the bottom right corner. <br />
<br><br />
One the bottom right inside the door, there is a plug for the bulb which connects to the main housing. It only connects when the door is closed so the light turns off when the door is opened, preventing a service technician or anyone opening it from being blinded if the signal is still on. In the top right corner of the main housing behind the door, you will find the ID tag. The ID tag includes the [[#131serial|serial number]], of which each individual section of every signal had one.<br />
<br><br />
Behind the door on the back of the main housing, there is a lens hole. In front of it, held on by two thumb screws, is a diffusing lens. This lens is what is responsible for distributing the light evenly, helping to give the 3M signal its clearer, brighter, [[#131uses|"High Visibility"]] indication. Around the diffusing lens is an aluminum collar that extends outward, to give a more direct path for the light from the bulb to the lens. <br />
<br><br />
Behind the diffuser, inside the hole, the is another lens. This one, called the optical limiter, is a clear lens. This is where the special optical masking tape (that comes with signal) is applied to [[#131uses|limit the visibility]]. <br />
<br><br />
Inside the signal's main housing from the front, there isn't too much to it. You can see the front of the optical limiter lens. Around the lens hole is where all of the wiring runs and connects to the terminal block. It is all covered by a wire shield held in by 2 screws (one on the top and one on the bottom), which is black like the inside of the housing. On the front of the signal is the door. This is a thin frame that has two hinges on the left side and two latches on the right. It holds the [[#131lenses|lens]] inside of it with four latches, one in each corner. Read more about the lenses below. On the front, it has four screw holes, one in each corner, where the visor is attached.<br />
<br><br />
The top and bottom of each section have connectors where the wires run through. These also control the angle of tilt - due to the precise aiming required by 3M signals, each section must be tilted individually (and all sections should have the same degree of tilt). There are two bolts on each connector, one on each side, which are put into different holes to achieve specific degrees of tilt; there are 6 holes in a line on each side, starting at 0 and going to 10 in increments of two.<br />
<br><br />
The signal housing, including the doors and visors, is made of aluminum. Signal color could be specified when ordering; options included yellow, green and black. There were some parts that were always the same color, though: the inside of the housing was always black; the door frame was always black; and the photocell dimmer plug was always yellow.<br />
<br><br><br />
Some design issues were changed over the course of production. An incomplete list includes:<br />
* '''Dimmer''' - The photocell dimmer and associated wiring was changed to support a larger-wattage resistor, housed in the back door. The dimmer was changed from PCD-111 to PCD-111A.<br />
* '''Bulb Plug''' - The bulb plug connecting the back door to the main housing always had 3-prongs, but originally it only used 2 of them. When the larger-wattage resistor for the dimmer was added in the door, the 3rd prong was used for that connection.<br />
* '''Housing Mold''' - The corners (around the hinges) and support ridges (on the top and bottom at the front) were modified at some point. <br />
* '''Logo''' - 3M's logo, displayed on the back of the back door, was changed at some point.<br />
* '''Diffuser Lens Collar''' - The aluminum collar around the diffuser lens was originally longer, but not too long after production began it was shortened.<br />
* '''Main Lens Corners''' - Older [[#131lenses|lenses]] were formed and have round corners, while newer [[#131lenses|lenses]] were made completely square and then had the corners trimmed off.<br />
<br />
<br><br><br />
<div id="131lenses"><u>'''~Lenses~'''</u></div><br />
<br><br />
The lenses in 3M signals are unique in appearance because they're square, and they're even more unique in operation. The are made of Plastic and have a frensel pattern on the inside. This greatly magnifies the light going through it, which is very important for the [[#131masking|masking process]]. The black mask is printed on the inside, outside, or on both sides of the lens, and determined what shape it shows when illuminated. Also unlike typical lenses, these could be rotated (in increments of 90°, of course) as needed. <br />
<br><br />
Older lenses were formed and have round corners, while newer lenses were made completely square and then had the corners trimmed off. All lenses had a number stamped onto the outer side, possibly a production run number, while they also had one on the inner side, possibly showing part number or revision of the fresnel design.<br />
<br />
<br />
Here is the list of known lenses for M-131 signals:<br />
<br><br />
[[File:3mweighstationpyth.jpg|200px|thumb|right|3M M-131 with special weigh station lenses. Photo by Pyth.]]<br />
<br />
{| class="wikitable" margin="5px"<br />
|-<br />
|<u>'''Standard'''</u><br />
|<u>'''Special***'''</u><br />
|-<br />
|'''''Balls'''''<br />
* Red<br />
* Yellow<br />
* Green<br />
'''''Arrows (90°; Left, Right, Upwards, or Downwards*)'''''<br />
* Red<br />
* Yellow<br />
* Green<br />
'''''Diagonal Arrows (45°; Leftward Rightward)'''''<br />
* Red (long head)<br />
* Yellow (long head)<br />
* Green (long head)<br />
* Red (short head)**<br />
* Yellow (short head)**<br />
* Green (short head)**<br />
|'''''Light Rail Symbols'''''<br />
* Clear Straight Line (Vertical or Horizontal)<br />
* Clear Diagonal Line (Leftward or Rightward)<br />
* Clear Arrow (Left, Right, Upwards, or Downwards)<br />
* Clear "T"<br />
* Red "T"<br />
* Yellow "T"<br />
* Green "T"<br />
* Red "BUS"<br />
* Yellow "BUS"<br />
* Green "BUS"<br />
'''''Quebec Shapes'''''<br />
* Red Square <br />
* Yellow Diamond<br />
'''''Special Worded'''''<br />
* <nowiki>[There are a few known signals with custom-ordered worded lenses, often at weigh stations.]</nowiki><br />
|}<br />
<br><br />
<nowiki>* Downwards green arrows were only used for ramp metering</nowiki><br />
<br><br />
<nowiki>** Short head diagonal arrows are rare compared to the long head arrows, and their exact origin is unknown - it's believed they were an early version of 3M diagonal arrow</nowiki><br />
<br><br />
<nowiki>*** These are special lenses that were used occasionally in 3M signals, but were not standard</nowiki><br />
<br />
<br><br><br />
[[File:3MMasking.jpg|200px|thumb|right|3M 131 Masking Demonstration]]<br />
[[File:3M Masking.png|200px|thumb|right|These images from the 3M masking video show the steps for masking a 3M signal for a single turn lane.]]<br />
<div id="131masking"><u>'''~Masking Process~'''</u></div><br />
<br><br />
The masking process begins by looking straight through the optical limiter lens through the back of the signal. You can see the roadway that the signal is facing. Because it is a convex lens, the roadway will appear flipped 180°. With special optical masking tape that comes with the signal, you cover the areas of the road that you see through the lens for which you don't want the signal to be visible. Yes, it look all flipped around - but just like what you see through it is flipped, so will be the light that comes out, so it all works out in the end. The tape needs to be perfectly flat on the glass with no air bubbles to work properly. You can see videos explaining the masking process [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=gdRnD4Yy92k here (part 1)] and [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=LsDN5pnDEWU here (part 2)].<br><br />
This works because the [[#131lenses|main front lens]] has a fresnel pattern. This greatly magnifies the the light behind it. So instead of just looking like a partly lit lens, you see a zoomed-in portion of that, either the lit or the masked part depending on where you are. Think of it like scrolling around on a zoomed in image.<br />
<br />
[[File:3M Charlottesville Angles.jpg|250px|thumb|left|3M M-131 signals shown from both viewing angles <br>(Image by [[User:Signal-in-the-box|signal-in-the-box]])]]<br />
<br><br><br />
<div id="131uses"><u>'''~Uses/Advantages~'''</u></div><br />
<br><br />
'''''PROGRAMMABLE VISIBILITY'''''<br />
* '''Viewing Area Limiting'''<br />
With PV signals, you can limit the viewing area to anywhere from one approach at an intersection to a single lane at that approach. This is ideal for skewed intersections, where you could see the traffic signals of a different approach; turn signals, that cycle independently and might distract through traffic; divided intersections, where some lanes are signalized while others aren't; ramp metering, where each lane's signal cycles independently; and signals for bus/transit lanes, that might confuse vehicle traffic.<br />
<br><br />
This is accomplished by applying optical masking tape to one or both sides of the optical limiter lenses. See more on the [[#131masking|masking process]] above.<br />
* '''Viewing Distance Limiting'''<br />
Another feature of these signals is the ability to limit the distance of the visibility. This is ideal for multiple intersections that are very close to each other. Drivers might look ahead and see signals showing green at the wrong intersection, which can cause confusion and accidents.<br />
<br><br />
Distance limiting is accomplished by applying optical masking tape to the bottom of the optical limiter lens (it's applied to the bottom, not the top, because the light flips 180° when it travels through the lens). See more about the [[#131masking|masking process]] above.<br />
<br><br><br />
[[File:3M Comparison.png|275px|thumb|right|These images from the [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=2Pdh6yk258A 3M promotional video] compare the 3M signal display quality to that of a normal traffic signal]]<br />
'''''HIGH VISIBILITY'''''<br />
* '''Fuller Indication'''<br />
The 3M PV signal is also made to have fuller, clearer indications. The diffusing lens inside evenly distributes the lights, and the [[#131lenses|front lens]] has a fresnel pattern which magnifies the light and makes it appear even clearer. <br />
<br><br />
There is no bulb "hot spot" on the lens. And since the whole lens is lit at its fullest, it can be seen better and from farther away (within the programmed visibility limits, of course).<br />
* '''No Sun Phantoming'''<br />
Sun phantoming is a condition with traffic signals where the sun shines in through the lens, reflects of the reflectors and shines back out the lens, making all indications appear to be lit even when they aren't. This can be a serious problem at major intersections. <br />
<br><br />
In a 3M signal, because it would have to go through 4 lenses (including the cover of the PAR 46 bulb), into the bulb's small reflector and back out, there is little opportunity for that to happen.<br />
<br />
<br><br><br />
<div id="131disadvantages"><u>'''~Disadvantages~'''</u></div><br />
<br><br />
* 3M signals were far more expensive than regular traffic signals. To achieve visibility limiting, many places opted to simply attach louvers on their existing signals. Though they couldn't limit the visibility as extensively, and they also block some of the light output even for the direction they face.<br />
* 3M signals used PAR 46 bulbs, similar to those used in flood lights. They have shorter lives, higher temperatures, and are considerably more expensive than regular light bulbs.<br />
* 3M signals were also heavy; a 3-section 3M weighs around 65 pounds, 15 heavier than a typical traffic light. This made installation difficult. 3M made it slightly better by having a terminal block in every section instead of just one, so they could wire it it out through any section depending on how they are installed.<br />
* And, while 3M was the first to create such a signal, in more recent years (as early as 1997) they have had some competition. [[#McCain Programmable Visibility Signals|McCain Traffic]] and [[Intelight]] (previously [[OptiSoft]]) both make programmable visibility signals. <br>The [[McCain]] PV Signal was developed in early 2000s, and is nearly identical in design to 3M PV signals. Many parts are interchangeable with the M-131 as well, including the Light Shield, Diffusing Lens, Masking Lens, Bulbs (LED or Incandescent), and Wire Terminals. McCain's PV signals use round lenses (overcoming one of the drawbacks to 3M's square lenses) and they use standard 12" visors which makes them easier to replace.<br>Intelight signals are very different in design but utilize the latest LED technology, which makes far better in that regard.<br>This competition is part of the reason behind declining sales which led to 3M dropping out of the traffic signal industry in 2007.<br />
<br />
<br><br><br />
<div id="131serial"><u>'''~Serial Numbers~'''</u></div><br />
<br><br />
All 3M signals were given a serial number. A small decal, about 1" x 2" in size, was placed on the back of the housing inside the back door. A serial number was stamped onto this decal. Many lights were given sequential numbers for each head - i.e. Red would be "100", Yellow then "101", and Green "102". There were at least four versions of the decal, with the two common being known as the 'Old Style' and 'New Style'.<br />
<br />
[[3M_ID_Numbers|<u>A list of known serial numbers owned by collectors can be found here</u>]].<br />
<br><br><br><br><br><br><br />
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<br />
===M-131R "Bimodal" (Ball/Arrow) Signal===<br />
[[File:M131R Stages.png|120px|thumb|left|Different views that a driver could see approaching an M-131R lens. <br>(Image by [[User:Coytll|coytll]])]]<br />
[[File:131R.jpg|thumb|right|The M-131R signal <br>(Image by [[User:Coyttl|coyttl]])]]<br />
[[File:131R Lens.jpg|thumb|right|The M-131R lens from the inside <br>(Image by [[User:Coyttl|coyttl]])]]<br />
This is a unique signal; nothing quite like it has ever been made. It features what appears to be a ball indication from a distance, but as you get closer, it turns into an arrow. (3M called this a "bimodal" signal, though normally bimodal only refers to indications that change color.)<br />
<br><br><br />
Here's how it works:<br />
<br><br />
The portion of the ball surrounding the arrow on the lens features the normal 3M fresnel pattern to it, which magnifies the light. The arrow part, however, has a prismatic pattern, which reflects light out in every direction. Because of this, where the signal is masked off like normal and you can't see the ball, you can still see the arrow. <br />
<br><br />
Unlike the PV signals, you don't want to limit the visibility; in fact, the purpose of this is to extend it (arrows can sometimes be difficult to see from far away, which is a problem this signal solves). Instead, the masking is done just to set the point of proximity at which the indication appears to change. This is done by applying masking tape to the top of the optical limiter lens, so that direct light does not shine out as you get close to the signal (since the light flips 180° as it passes through). Since only direct light can pass through in the ball area, that part appears dark. The arrow portion, with its prismatic texture, takes the light coming from the bottom of the lens and sends it out in all directions, so it can still be seen. <br />
<br><br />
From far away, when the arrow and surrounding area are lit, it looks like a normal ball (though you may be able to see the faint outline of an arrow).<br />
<br><br><br />
The housing of these signal sections are identical to the [[#M-131 Programmable Visibility Signals|M-131 signals]], except that they have different connectors. To get the right viewing angle, these signals must be mounted with a tilt angle of 0°. These connectors are at 0° and can't be adjusted.<br />
<br><br><br />
Because of the specific horizontal-lined texture in the arrow, the lens would not work correctly if rotated (except for in 180° increments. Different lenses had to be made for turn arrows and vertical arrows. Here is a list of the '''<u>known versions that were made</u>''':<br />
* Green Upwards Arrow + Ball<br />
* Red Turn Arrow + Ball<br />
It is likely that left/right, upwards, left diagonal, and right diagonal versions in red or green could be custom-ordered, though none other than those listed are known to exist (most likely not in yellow for obvious reasons). 3M only advertised the green upwards arrow version, but the red turn arrow version exists (albeit rare) in California.<br />
<br />
<br><br><br />
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<br />
===M-133 "Dual-Indication" (Green/Yellow) Programmable Visibility Signal===<br />
The 3M "dual indication" signal is what would generally be called a Bimodal arrow by most people in the traffic industry. In one section, it can switch between a green and yellow arrow. While this would be accomplished with fiber-optics in normal signals, that would not work for programmable visibility signals, so 3M's system was much more complicated.<br />
<br><br />
The M-133 housing was identical to that of the [[#M-131 Programmable Visibility Signals|M-131 signal]], with the exception of an extra attachment on the side that houses a motor. The signal is masked and the tilt is set in exactly the same way. The only difference is the way it functions.<br />
<br><br />
The front arrow lens is clear. Insides the housing, where there would normally be empty space, is a round lens held in place by wheels that are attached to the motor. Half of it is green and half of it is yellow. There is a black cover behind the bottom half of the lens, so only one color is exposed at a time. When the protected turn phase starts, the light turns on with the green half of the lens showing. When the phase is over, the motor kicks in and quickly spins the lens so the yellow have is showing. The transition is fast and fairly smooth. After the yellow clearance phase is completed, the light goes out and the motor spins the lens (at a slower speed) back into the green position, awaiting the next arrow phase.<br />
<br />
===M-XXX "Bimodal Doghouse" Signal===<br />
This signal had the same function as a doghouse, but in a 3-section signal. The top section was a red ball, the middle section was a 'maunual' bimodal yellow ball/arrow, and the bottom section was a 'manual' bimodal green ball/arrow. The 'manual' bimodal was different from the M-131R bimodal because it switched from arrow to ball manually, not based on proximity.<br />
<br><br />
Nothing is known about have it worked. It likely never made it past the experimental phase, and was never sold on the market.<br />
<br />
==Full Pedestrian Signals (12")==<br />
<br />
===M-131 Programmable Visibility Pedestrian Signal===<br />
[[File:3M-131-Ped3.JPG|200px|thumb|left|3M M-131 Pedestrian Signal <br>(Image by [[User:Signal-in-the-box|signal-in-the-box]])]]<br />
[[File:3M-131-Ped2.JPG|300px|thumb|right|3M M-131 Pedestrian Signal <br>(Image by [[User:Signal-in-the-box|signal-in-the-box]])]]<br />
[[File:3M-131-Ped1.JPG|200px|thumb|right|3M M-131 Pedestrian Signal <br>(Image by [[User:Signal-in-the-box|signal-in-the-box]])]]<br />
This M-131 PV pedestrian signal is exactly the same as the [[#M-131 Programmable Visibility Signal|<u>M-131 vehicle signal</u>]], except with different lenses.<br />
<br />
'''Lenses'''<br><br />
The following lenses were available for these signals:<br />
* Portland Orange HAND Symbol<br />
* Lunar White MAN Symbol<br />
* Portland Orange "DONT WALK"<br />
* Lunar White "WALK"<br />
* Red "DONT WALK"<br />
* Green "WALK"<br />
<br />
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<br />
===M-132 Dynamic Programmable Visibility Pedestrian Signal===<br />
[[File:M-132 1.jpg|200px|thumb|left|3M M-132 Dynamic Pedestrian Signal <br>(Image by [[User:RYGDWW|RYGDWW]])]]<br />
[[File:M-132 2.jpg|200px|thumb|left|3M M-132 Dynamic Pedestrian Signal <br>(Image by [[User:RYGDWW|RYGDWW]])]]<br />
[[File:M-132 3.jpg|200px|thumb|right|3M M-132 Dynamic Pedestrian Signal <br>(Image by [[User:RYGDWW|RYGDWW]])]]<br />
[[File:M-132 4.jpg|200px|thumb|left|3M M-132 Dynamic Pedestrian Signal <br>(Image by [[User:RYGDWW|RYGDWW]])]]<br />
[[File:M-132 5.jpg|200px|thumb|right|3M M-132 Dynamic Pedestrian Signal <br>(Image by [[User:RYGDWW|RYGDWW]])]]<br />
<br />
<big>---IN PROGRESS---</big><br />
<br />
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<br />
==Vehicle Signal Adapters (8")==<br />
<br />
===SA-130A Programmable Visibility Adapter===<br />
[[File:3M SA-130.jpg|200px|thumb|left|An all-3M adaptor signal. (Image by [https://www.flickr.com/photos/busman_49/7489369482 busman_49])]]<br />
[[File:3m8inpyth.JPG|200px|thumb|right|The adapter.]][[File:3m8inmaskedpyth.jpg|300px|thumb|right|A masked adapter.]]<br />
3M never made full 8" traffic signals; however, they did make programmable visibility attachments that can be put on any normal 8" housing. They are mounted in the door, taking the place of the lens & visor, but it utilizes the existing reflector and bulb. A page showing how these attachments are installed can be found [http://highwaydivides.com/showthread.php?998-Installing-an-8-quot-3M-PV-Attachment here].<br><br />
The interior of these attachments is similar to that of 3M's 12" signals. It has a regular lens at the outside end, and a diffusing lens on the inside end. Unlike the 12" signals, though, there is no optical limiter lens (a clear lens where the optical masking tape is applied to limit the area of visibility), so the optical masking tape is put directly on the diffusing lens. It still works in the same way. Finally, on the end of these adapters, a small visor is attached. Without the visor, these adapters are about the same size as normal tunnel visors.<br><br />
<br />
'''Lenses'''<br />
* Red Ball<br />
* Yellow Ball<br />
* Green Ball<br />
* Green Arrow<br />
<br />
(Though they may have been a special order option, no yellow or red arrows are known to have existed.)<br />
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<br />
==Vehicle Signal Internal Converters (12")==<br />
<br />
===M-150 Lens/Reflector System===<br />
[[File:3M M-150 1.jpg|210px|thumb|left|The M-150 System.<br> Image by [[User:Rich192]] ]]<br />
[[File:3M M-150 2.jpg|250px|thumb|right|The M-150 System.<br> Image by [[User:Rich192]] ]]<br />
[[File:3M M-150 4.jpg|210px|thumb|right|The M-150 System.<br> Image by [[User:Rich192]] ]]<br />
[[File:3M M-150 3.jpg|300px|thumb|left|The M-150 System.<br> Image by [[User:Rich192]] ]]<br />
The 3M M-150 Lens & Reflector System was created by 3M to give regular 12" traffic signals some of the [[#M-131 Programmable Visibility Signal|M-131 signal]]'s features.<br><br />
The M-150 is installed almost exactly like a modern LED module. The signal's original socket, reflectors & lens would be removed; the M-150 unit has all of those in it. The wires that went to the original socket are rewired to the back of the unit. It is then fitted into the door just like the lens was.<br><br />
The front extended part is a dual diffusing lens (dome-shaped on the inside, cylinder-shaped on the outside). These inserts offered the High Visibility feature of the [[#M-131 Programmable Visibility Signal|M-131 signal]] (having a fuller, brighter & clearer indication, compared to that of a typical incandescent signal). It did not have the Programmable Visibility feature, because the masking would have to be applied too close to the light source to have the proper effect. These were available in green, yellow, and red balls, and likely all color arrows as well.<br><br />
<br />
DISCONTINUATION:<br><br />
3M discontinued these early on, because they caused an effect called 'sun phantoming', which occurs when the sun shines through the lens and is reflected back out by the reflector, making it look like all indications are lit.<br><br />
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<br />
===PC-310 Signal Intensity Control===<br />
<br />
Nothing is known about this device. It was likely never sold on the market.<br />
<br><br />
Because of the name, it may possibly have been a system for similar to the [[#M-131 Programmable Visibility Signal|M-131's]] photocell dimmer unit, which changes the brightness of the signal depending on the brightness outside.<br />
<br />
==Signal Enlargers==<br />
<br />
<br />
Signal enlarges are attachments mounted on a signal door that expand to fit a larger lens. Around the early 60s, larger signal indications were becoming more popular because visibility was becoming a greater concern. Installing enlargers on a signal was cheaper and easier than replacing it.<br> <br />
3M made 3 lines of signal enlargers; for vehicle signals, round-lens pedestrian signals, and square-lens pedestrian signals. They were all reprimanded for not being built to 3M's strength & quality standards; they were made of thin, lightweight folded sheetmetal with many unsealsed slots on the corners and along the sides. They were mounted in the place of a signal's visor, using the exact same attachments.<br />
<br />
===<u><center>Vehicle Signal to Vehicle Signal</center></u>===<br />
<br />
[[File:3M-Vehicle-to-Vehicle-enlargers.png|top|250px|thumb|right|This image is from the 1975 3M catalog in the [http://signal-archive.d-domains.net/index.php?get_action=open_file&repository_id=848aab5691d621694ec96206dc2b69ca&file=%2F3M%2F3M%2012_'_'%20Signal%20Adapter%20%20SA%20Family%20%20Installation.pdf| document archive] shows the 812 (top) & 810 (bottom) enlargers.]]<br />
[[File:3M-enlargers-diagram.png|top|275px|thumb|left|Diagram of SA-812 from the [http://signal-archive.d-domains.net/index.php?get_action=open_file&repository_id=848aab5691d621694ec96206dc2b69ca&file=%2F3M%2F3M%2012_'_'%20Signal%20Adapter%20%20SA%20Family%20%20Installation.pdf| document archive] ]]<br />
[[File:Marb3Menlarger1.jpg|top|275px|thumb|left|This is an SA-812, picture from http://www.trafficsignalmuseum.com/]]<br />
<br />
These were made to convert the display of typical 8" signals to that of a 12" signal.<br />
====SA-812====<br />
Patented on December 17 1973, this enlarger unit converts a typical 8" signal indication to a 12" indication. The enlarger mounts where the visor would go on the signal's door. It is essentially a box that expands around an 8-inch lens to fit a door with a 12-inch lens.<br><br />
The signal's original 8-inch lens is replaced with a glass diffusing lens. The enlarger is attached in the place of the visor using the visor's screws. It is octagon-shaped where it attaches to the door; as it extends outward, the slanted sides (which are triangle-shaped) become the corners of the square-shaped front. A square lens slides into the lens holder/front door of the unit, which has a 12" circular hole for the indication to shine through. The door then simply slides into place on the front of the enlarger. <br><br />
With this setup, the light shines through the 8" lens, into the enlarger and out the 12" lens, generating a larger and more visible indication with the same amount of light and without having to replace the signal.<br><br />
3M specifically noted that these enlargers would not fit [[Eagle]] Durasig signals or any [[Traffic Signals, Inc.|TSI]] signals. They offered special clips needed when mounting on Crouse-Hinds signals.<br><br />
The name of this product means "'''S'''ignal '''A'''daptor '''-''' '''8''' inch to '''12''' inch"<br />
<br />
<br />
====SA-810====<br />
If enlargers need to be used on two consecutive sections of a signal (for example, the 2 green indications on a 4-section R–Y–G–GA signal), there would not be enough space. The [[#SA-812|SA-812]] 12" enlarger extends slightly over both sections around it in order to... well, enlarge... and you would not be able to fit a second one beneath it.<br><br />
That is what the SA-810 is for; it is designed specifically to fit under an [[#SA-812|SA-812]]. It is almost exactly the same as the [[#SA-812|SA-812]], except that it bends down at the top (instead of up) to fit beneath and match the curvature of the other one. Because of the height limitation, the lens is only 10"x12". And due to that irregular size, they were only available with green left or right arrows. Horizontal arrows are the only indications that would be able to fit while remaining the correct size.<br><br />
The name of this product means "'''S'''ignal '''A'''daptor '''-''' '''8''' inch to '''10''' inch"<br />
<br />
===<u><center>Vehicle Signal to Pedestrian Signal</center></u>===<br />
Though the 3M catalog specifically says these "''are adapters to enlarge 8" vehicle signals to 12" pedestrian signals''", they were most likely designed for round-lens [[Glossary#WAIT-WALK Pedestrian Signal|WAIT-WALK]] pedestrian signals (which used the same housing as vehicle signals).<br />
<br />
====SA-812DW====<br />
This enlarger uses the same body as the [[#SA-812|SA-812]] with the lens & door of a [[#SA-912|SA-912]].<br><br />
<br><br />
The name of this product means "'''S'''ignal '''A'''dapter '''-''' '''8''' inch to '''12''' inch '''D'''ONT '''W'''ALK"<br />
<br />
====SA-810W====<br />
This enlarger uses the same body as the [[#SA-810|SA-810]] with the lens & door of a [[#SA-910|SA-910]].<br><br />
<br><br />
The name of this product means "'''S'''ignal '''A'''dapter '''-''' '''8''' inch to '''10''' inch '''W'''ALK"<br />
<br />
<br><br />
<br />
===<u><center>Pedestrian Signal to Pedestrian Signal</center></u>===<br />
[[File:3M-ped-enlargers-diagram.png|top|275px|thumb|left|Diagram of SA-912 from the [http://signal-archive.d-domains.net/index.php?get_action=open_file&repository_id=848aab5691d621694ec96206dc2b69ca&file=%2F3M%2F3M%2012_'_'%20Signal%20Adapter%20%20SA%20Family%20%20Installation.pdf| document archive's] 3M 1975 catalog.<br>If you notice, this image has 2 mistakes; the dotted signal behind it is a vehicle signal (instead of a pedestrian signal), and the back of the enlarger has an octagon shape (instead of square).]]<br />
[[File:3m ped enlargers 2.jpg|top|300px|thumb|right|3M 910 & 912 Enlargers. They are mounted on an [[Eagle]] Flatback pedestrian signal.]]<br />
[[File:3M-ped-to-ped-enlargers.jpg|top|200px|link=http://www.stamfordadvocate.com/news/article/Committee-hears-testimony-on-tolls-cameras-4307583.php#photo-2547822|thumb|left|This image from http://www.stamfordadvocate.com shows a pedestrian signal with 3M 912 & 910 enlargers in Washington D.C.<br>The signal has since been removed.]]<br />
[[File:3m ped enlargers 1.jpg|200px|thumb|right|3M 910 & 912 Enlargers]]<br />
[[File:3m_007_SSS.jpg|200px|thumb|right|The SA-910 diffusing lens (bottom) next to a normal 9" lens (top), which it would replace.]]<br />
<br />
These were made to convert the display of typical 9" pedestrian signals to that of a 12" pedestrian signal.<br />
<br />
====SA-912====<br />
This enlarger is for the DONT WALK section of a pedestrian signal. The [[#SA-910|SA-910]] is for the WALK section.<br><br />
<br><br />
The enlarger mounts where the visor would go on the signal's door. It is essentially a box that expands around a 9-inch lens to fit a door with a 12-inch lens.<br><br />
The signal's original 9-inch lens is replaced with a clear or colored plastic diffusing lens. The enlarger is attached in the place of the visor using the visor's screws. It is square-shaped at both ends. A square DONT WALK plastic frensel lens with red 4½" lettering slides into the lens holder/front door of the unit, which acts as a frame for the lens. There is a lip around the inside edge of the door frame, to which the new visor attaches. The door then simply slides into place on the front of the enlarger. <br><br />
With this setup, the light shines through the diffusing lens, into the enlarger and out the 12" lens, generating a larger and more visible indication with the same amount of light and without having to replace the pedestrian signal.<br><br />
3M offered specific versions of these adaptors with slightly different attachments to fit Marbelite and Econolite pedestrian signals.<br><br />
The name of this product means "'''S'''ignal '''A'''daptor '''-''' '''9''' inch to '''12''' inch"<br />
<br />
====SA-910====<br />
This enlarger is for the WALK section of a pedestrian signal. The [[#SA-912|SA-912]] is for the DONT WALK section.<br><br />
<br><br />
This enlarger section has a 10"x12" lens. It is smaller because it needs to fit beneath the [[#SA-912|SA-912]] adaptor on a pedestrian signal. The [[#SA-912|SA-912]] (DONT WALK), which is a full 12"x12", extends slightly over the WALK section. In order to match the curvature, the top of this adaptor bends downward, instead of upward like the [[#SA-912|SA-912]]. Other than that, they are exactly the same.<br><br />
The DONT WALK indication needs to be largest because it has two lines of text, and the WALK indication only has one. In a normal signal, the DONT WALK and WALK lenses are the same size, and the WALK has blank space on the top and bottom. That extra space could be cut off and the WALK indication would remain the correct size, which is essentially what was done with these.<br><br />
Like the [[#SA-912|SA-912]], this adaptor is attached where the visor would go on a signal, using the visors screws. The original lens is replaced with a clear or colored plastic diffusing lens. The outer lens, a plastic frensel lens that says WALK in 4½" white lettering, is displayed on the front of the adaptor. <br><br />
The name of this product means "'''S'''ignal '''A'''daptor '''-''' '''9''' inch to '''10''' inch"<br />
<br />
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<br />
==Signs==<br />
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===Reflective===<br />
3M is a leader in the industry of reflective signage and sheeting, in addition to many other road products. You can see them here: http://solutions.3m.com/wps/portal/3M/en_US/NA_roadway/safety/productcatalog/~/Roadway-Safety?N=3293989410+7566298+7584153+8695783+8694413&rt=r3<br />
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===Electronic===<br />
3M made a bimodal, time-programmable lighted sign for roadways. They feature a regular sign on a backboard, with two sign flaps - each a quarter of the length of the sign and a quarter's length from each side end - so that when they're folded in they show one sign and when folded out they show another. It switches displays mechanically based on a time clock. One example of their usage would be an alternative for school zone beacons - they display a reduced school speed limit sign during school hours (when a traditional set of beacons would otherwise be flashing), and a generic school crossing sign during off hours (when the beacons would be off).<br />
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==Other Traffic Products==<br />
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===Opticom===<br />
The traffic opticom for emergency preempt is one of 3M's most common traffic products.<br />
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===License Plates===<br />
Not directly related to traffic equipment, 3M is a leading manufacturer of license plates in the US. They created one of the first methods flat printed license plates, which many states have adopted today.</div>SchoolcraftSignal